Browsing by Author "Anikeev, Sergey"

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Гравітаційний моніторинг родовищ самородної сірки під час їх експлуатації методом підземної виплавки
(Data obrony: 2014-06-17) Kuliava, Nataliia
Wydział Geologii, Geofizyki i Ochrony Środowiska
The relevance of the study of regularities of karst development of the Carpathian sulphur basin is conditioned by the searches of the best method of development and mastering of deposits of sulphur, further development and increase of her production in the conditions of mining-and-geological complications of booty and activation of technogenic karst, by the necessity of further development of scientific questions of karst formation. A great importance here has reliability of tracing contours of sulfur melting zones, that differ from a surrounding sulphuric layers the relative reduction of density. Identification, mapping and control of the development of such decompression zones can be done based on the results of detailed high precision gravity observations before and after the industrial sulfur melting using automated interpretation. The aim of this master’s work is a substantiation of application of the gravitational monitoring, as an effective means to control the state of the melting during the exploitation of native sulfur by underground melting method. Data of which provide the increase of efficiency of the re-melting and allow to estimate the ecological condition of cut within the limits of sulphuric layers so above them. First of all, the work was the analysis and synthesis of the totality of available geological and geophysical information obtained from the results of research of IFNTUOG and Spetsheolohorozvidka. An important part of the work is to perform a gravity simulation modeling from the expected decompression zones by a computer program „Complex.Gravity” (S. Anikeev 1994-1999). Simulation modeling is directed to the estimation of geological efficiency of the interpretation of geophysical data, specified on possibility of reliable determination of zones of the intensive melting of sulphur by means of computer interpretation of gravimetrical materials. Gravity modeling, ie the solution of direct and inverse problems of gravimetria helps to make detailed studies and contouring of decompression zone both in plan and in incision of deposits. This method of quantitative interpretation of space-time anomalies of the gravity field based on the use of computer technology to refine and detailing a density models of geological environments. Work violates the problem of resolution of the gravity field, which depends on the depth, size of sulfur melting zones and melting intensity. Through modeling which is made in MathCad environment, considering the real geometrical parameters of decompression zones and a density of rocks of the typical cut of sulphuric deposits, are defined the optimal parameters of the detection anomaly from the zones of sulphur melting. Ultimately, was confirmed efficiency of using gravimetria to monitor the karst processes on the areas of underground sulfur melting.
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Особливості будови Березівської структури за гравімагнітними полями
(Data obrony: 2014-06-17) Melnyk, Mariia
Wydział Geologii, Geofizyki i Ochrony Środowiska
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Сейсмологічна характеристика українського західного регіону
(Data obrony: 2014-06-17) Kachur, Oksana
Wydział Geologii, Geofizyki i Ochrony Środowiska
In the master's work considered seismic activity western part of Ukraine, that is: analyzed zones which have caused. Seismic risk of the area is high because of lack of knowledge of local seismicity. Local earthquakes of low magnitude, in the case of small depths, can create in the epicenter significant shaking and are no less dangerous, than strong, but more distant seismic events. Therefore necessary carry out of additional research in areas where are important national economy objects. The work considers the stages of formation and development of seismology as a science, parameters which characterize earthquakes (energy, magnitude and distance from the hypocenter), problems of prognosis and the main predictors, defined nature of several seismic events and presented methods of protection and actions, to be followed during an earthquake. The territory of Ukraine is in the aseismic zone, on the edge of a powerful Mediterranean zone of the planet. For registration of seismic activity in Ukraine operates a national network of seismic observations, composed of 18 seismic and 14 integrated geophysical stations. Systematic monitoring of seismic activity and deformation of of the earth surface by the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (in central Ukraine, the Crimea and the Carpathians processing centers in the cities of Kyiv, Lviv and Simferopol). The quake estimated at point. In our country adopted a 12-point scale MSK-64. An important component in the characteristics of earthquakes is the right to determine their nature. In Western Ukraine is dominated by tectonic earthquakes caused by the activity of the Vrancea zone and man Transcarpathian shallow earthquakes caused by various human activities. Areas destructive power of earthquakes is determined by statistical analysis of earthquake forces at the time of their appearance and degree of activity of modern crustal movements. Deep distance of the outbreak zone earthquakes Wrancza makes them weak damping, so most of the territory of Ukraine is in the 4-6-point impact zone of the Carpathian seismic zone. In seismic plan the most dangerous regions in Ukraine are Zakarpatska, Ivano-Frankivsk and Chernivtsi. But in addition to these areas there are local hazardous seismic areas that caused by human activity. To identify the nature of explosions on record seismic waves there are a number of criteria, but the best identifier is the construction of sonograms. As a result of strong technogenic most of the country should take into account the seismic increment 1 - 2 points for a set of negative factors. Even in weak seismic areas marked increase strushuvanosti influenced by technological burden, violates the natural conditions of the geological processes, soil condition in the foundations of buildings. Large hydraulic structures, especially at hydroelectric reservoirs, power plants, nuclear power plants can lead to local tectonic movements of the crust. Similarly, it is also dangerous are great career. Therefore, in Western Ukraine require additional seismic studies Khmelnytsky and Rivne NPP Novodnistrovsk reservoir Jaworowski career and Kalush.
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Тектонічна будова Крукеницької западини за геофізичними полями
(Data obrony: 2014-06-30) Shtorkh, Andrii
Wydział Geologii, Geofizyki i Ochrony Środowiska