Browsing by Author "Witczak, Stanisław Lech"

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Badanie stanu zanieczyszczenia jeziora Rożnowskiego metalami śladowymi oraz numeryczne modelowanie transportu zanieczyszczeń z zastosowaniem pakietu Surface-Water Modeling System
(Data obrony: 2006) Skwarczek, Marian Jerzy
Wydział Geologii, Geofizyki i Ochrony Środowiska
Celem pracy było określenie stanu zanieczyszczenia jeziora Rożnowskiego pierwiastkami śladowymi oraz wykonanie symulacji transportu zanieczyszczeń i zawiesiny przez ten zbiornik. Aby zrealizować pierwszy cel pobrano w 42 punktach próbki wody, zawiesiny i osadu dennego oraz określono podstawowe parametry fizyko-chemiczne (odczyn, przewodnictwo El., zawartość tlenu rozpuszczonego, potencjał Redox). Z osadów dennych wydzielono frakcję < 63 μm. W pobranych materiałach oznaczono zawartość pierwiastków śladowych (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Tl i Zn) metodą ICP - MS. Następnie wykonano ocenę stopnia zanieczyszczenia na podstawie indeksu geoakumulacyjnego Müller'a i współczynnika wzbogacenia. Kolejnym etapem była analiza geostatyczna, dzięki której stworzono modele zmienności przestrzennej analizowanych pierwiastków. Modele te posłużyły do stworzenia map izoliniowych metodą krigingu. Na końcu wykonano analizę rozmieszczenia pierwiastków w wodzie, zawiesinie i osadzie zbiornika. Aby zrealizować drugi cel pracy stworzono przy pomocy pakietu programów Surface Water Modeling System model hydrologiczny zbiornika, a następnie wykonano symulacje rozprzestrzeniania się zanieczyszczenia w wodzie zbiornika.
Access status: Open Access ,
Dynamika generowania ładunków zanieczyszczeń na składowiskach odpadów górniczych i jej wpływ na środowisko wodne
(Data obrony: 2008) Sarga-Gaczyńska, Monika
Wydział Geologii, Geofizyki i Ochrony Środowiska
The Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC has been valid in the Europen Union since the year 2000. Its main aim is to ensure protection of waters and reach at least 'good' status of them up to 2015. Realization of these tasks requires identification of a threat, evaluation of its influence on the environment and, where it is indispensable, undertaking remedy procedures to achieve environmental aims in the assumed range and time, i.e. 'good' chemical status of waters. Poland as the greatest producer of black coal in the European Union creates annually the biggest amount of wastes that are a potential or real threat to the environment. Depositing of wastes on the dump and reexploitation of old dump in order to reclaim coal froma wastes can affect considerably processes of generation and migration of pollutions in the body of the dump and groundwaters in their vicinity. Problems of assessment of dynamics of generating pollutions on mining waste dumps and their influence on the chemical groundwater condition in their area has been dealt with in the present elaboration. The subject of model study was a coal mining waste dump Smolnica in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin GZW. The studies have been carried out in laboratory, pilot and field scales. Basing on the results of the laboratory studies - static test, it has been found that in the fine-grained sample of pyrite the reacions of the decomposition of sulfides occured faster in comparison to those of the sample of coarse-grained pyrite. The research have been made in water, with the limited access of oxygen so the reactions were slower than those at the full access of oxygen as it is in the case of the vadose water zone of the upper level dump. It has also been noticed that the pH considerably affects the dynamics of generating pollutions. In the pyrite samples placed in the acid solution there has been noticed a considerably bigger increase in concentrations of heavy metal s when compared to the samples placed in the solution with the neutral reaction. The results of more than 20 year old model lysimetric studies made in the natural hydrological cycle have shown that the infiltration index of wastes decreases with a lapse of time. More that 20 year old lysimetric studies of wastes froma the Smolnica dump: fresh (buffered) wastes - lysimeter SM1 and old (non-buffered) wastes - lysimeter SM2 have also shown that in the leachates of buffered wastes during the complete study cycle the pH was neutral with the tendency to being weakly basic. Concentration of chlorides at the beginning of the experiment was $5888 mg/dm^{3}$, after 20 years it decreased to the value of about $4 mg/dm^{3}$ and its mean value was $78,06 mg/dm^{3}$. The concentration of sulphates decreased from the value $7967 mg/dm^{3}$ at the beginning to the value $210 mg/dm^{3}$ in the year 2005. The mean value of concentration $SO_{4}^{2-}$ was $724,90 mg/dm^{3}$. On the other hand, in the leachates from the lysimeter SM2 (non-buffered wastes the pH was acid all alone the time of experiment. Concentration of chlorides at the beginning of the experiment was about $42 mg/dm^{3}$ and it decreased to the value of $11 mg/dm^{3}$ in 2005. The mean concentration of chlorides $Cl^{-}$ was $30,59 mg/dm^{3}$. At the beginning the $SO_{4}^{2-}$ concentration was about $5000 mg/dm^{3}$, and in 2005 it reached 170 mg/dm , the mean concentration of sulphates $SO_{4}^{2-}$ was $1376,20 mg/dm^{3}$. The lysimteric studies carried out in the natural hydrological cycle also helped to define the half decomposition time of sulphides $t_{1/2}$. For fresh wastes placed in the lysimeter SM1 the half decomposition time tm reached 1155 days and for the old wastes (10 year old) located in the lysimeter SM2 this time was 990 days. The time of lixiviation of $99\%$ sulfides from the wastes ($t_{99}$ calculated on the basis of $t_{1/2}$) was 21 years for the lysimeter SM1 and 18 years for the lysimeter SM2. These times are longer when compared to the real times of lixiviation of sulfides obtained from the studies made in the experimental plot. The real time of lixiviation of $99\%$ sulfides t99 from both fresh and 10 years old wastes reached 16 years. The field studies included the studies of the pore solutions in the undisturbed and redeposited waste layers of the Smolnica dump and the groundwater quality monitoring network (GQMN) of the Smolnica dump. On the basis of the hydrogeochemical profiles of pore solution of undisturbed and disturbed waste layer it has been found that in the case of an undisturbed layer, an increase of polluting components occurs together with depth which is caused by vertical rearrangement of chemical components in the vadose zone of the dump as a result of infiltration of rain waters. In the hydrogeochemical profile of the redeposited layer the constant concentration od $Cl^{-}$ and $SO_{4}^{2-}$ were observed. Such a character of the profile follows from mixing wastes in the technological process and their saturation with technological water. In the layer of redeposited wastes higher concentration of chlorides (reaching $1000 mg/dm^{3}$) were found which is the result of the application of technological saline water in the process of coal reclamation. An increase in concentrations of sulphates in the redeposited layer follows from the activity of the process of decomposition of sulphides caused by an increase in the degree of size reduction of the material, its mixing and exposure to the activity of the air and water. Thus the process of coal reclamation causes significant changes in the chemical composition of porę solutions and an increase in the concentrations $Cl^{-}$ and $SO_{4}^{2-}$. The result of 11 years' (1994-2004) monitoring (GQMN) showed that the Smolnica coal mining waste dump constitutes a longlasting centre of pollutions of groundwater the direction NE) to the dump area are good quality and do not show more serious changes under the influence of anthropogenic factors. The concentrations of the analyzed components are much smaller in pure than in polluted waters. An increase in chloride salinity, concentrations of sulphates, progressive acidification of the environment and release of iron and manganese are the common directions of the changes of the groundwater quality flowing from the area of Smolnica dump. Significant changes of the groundwater quality in the area of the Smolnica dump are additionally connected with reexploitation of wastes carried out in the years 1988-1997 by the firm Gwarex Ryan Poland. The greatest increase in the concentrations of the components polluting ($Cl^{-}$ and $SO_{4}^{2-}$) in groundwater at the outlet of the dump occured after the activity GRP. Maximum concentration of chlorides and sulphates were recorded along the main direction of waters flowing from the area included in reexploitation and in places where setting tanks of the firm GRP were located.
Access status: Open Access ,
Kształtowanie się chemizmu wód w strefie aeracji wapieni górnej jury w południowej części Wyżyny Krakowsko-Częstochowskiej
(2000-01-21) (Data obrony: 2008) Różkowski, Kazimierz
Wydział Geologii, Geofizyki i Ochrony Środowiska
The Kraków-Częstochowa Upland is geologically a unique region of vast carbonate outcrop, forming an unconfined aquifer with a complex hydraulic structure. This thesis aims to characterise the processes as well as the rainwater chemical composition dynamics during infiltration through the aeration zone. The investigations were carried out within cave systems scattered at the southern part of the Upland, mainly at the Zakrzówek horst area. Atmospheric precipitation, with a dominantly acidic character during infiltration through the soil and the Upper Jurassic carbonate environment, significantly modifies the prevalent hydrogeochemical composition. The chemistry of water depends mainly on the lithology of rocks forming the zone of aeration, thus limiting the set of possible dissolved constituents to that present in the geological structure. Diversification results from the solubility products of minerals, variable Eh, pH, thermal conditions, as well as the partial pressure of CO2. Also of significance is the velocity of the migrating solution, which is dependent upon the hydraulic structure of rocks, which determines the contact time of the solvent, being the undersaturated precipitation, with the solid rock environment. Modifications occur with variations in rainfall chemical composition, the state of soil evolution or the character of land development.
Access status: Open Access ,
Metodyka gospodarowania zasobami wód podziemnych z uwzględnieniem ich jakości na przykładzie zlewni Raby
(2006-05-29) (Data obrony: 2010-01-18) Paszkiewicz, Magdalena
Wydział Geologii, Geofizyki i Ochrony Środowiska
The Raba river watershed was chosen to develop the methodology of groundwater resources management taking the groundwater quality into consideration. The assessment of groundwater circulation conditions in the study area has been carried out with the use of a digital model using calculation program – Processing Modflow v. 5.3. The simulation calculations were performed to reconstruct the natural water flow conditions in the catchment area and to recreate conditions with groundwater exploitation. The groundwater balances for the whole catchment area, for individual aquifers and for fragments of groundwater bodies (GWBs) and surface water bodies (SWBs) were compiled. The methodology of prognosis of groundwater quality changes in terms of nitrates concentration was presented on the basis of numerical modelling of contamination migration. The assessment of quantity status and chemical status of groundwater in the Raba river watershed were performed for fragments of GWBs and SWBs. The separation of the seven subunits of groundwater resources management taking the groundwater quality into consideration was proposed in the Raba river watershed. The groundwater status assessment for these subunits will be accurate and reliable. This partition will allow to formulate simulations (prognosis) to optimize the exploitation conditions and efficiency of groundwater management in these subunits. The procedure (methodology) to achieve these aims was presented. This approach is based on the adoption of the hydrodynamic boundary to specify balance units in groundwater flow of river watershed systems.
Access status: Open Access ,
Metodyka zlewniowego bilansowania zasobów wód podziemnych na przykładzie zlewni Koprzywianki
(2008-01-28) (Data obrony: 2008) Szklarczyk, Tadeusz
Wydział Geologii, Geofizyki i Ochrony Środowiska
The following project present the opportunities provided by the application of mathematical modelling to the evaluation of water balance in catchment basins of highly diversified hydrodynamic and hydrostructural conditions. The study area is the catchment basin of the Koprzywianka River together with the fragments of adjacent basins of the Vistula, Opatówka and Czarna rivers. For the study area the conceptual model of recharge, flow and drainage conditions was prepared. This model was a basis for a mathematical model, which was verified and calibrated. Then, the quality of the projection of water balances was validated for the whole catchment area and for its fragments, considering moderate and extreme discharges in surface flows. The modelling aimed: to determine the groundwater circulation system, to compare the water balances of the Koprzywianka River catchment basin with its selected fragments, to evaluate the recharge of groundwater horizons and to determine the relationships between the groundwaters and the surface flows. Furthermore, the modelling intended to calculate the disposable resources of groundwaters and to determine the exploitation conditions including the influence of exploitation on surface flows. The presented methodology of water balance determination in a catchment basin and of quantification of water resources in selected groundwater bodies and surfacewater bodies gives rise to rational groundwater management.
Access status: Restricted ,
Ocena migracji benzenu w wodach podziemnych na podstawie badań modelowych w wybranym obszarze zbiornika GZWP 417 Kielce
(Data obrony: 2006) Knez, Janusz
Wydział Geologii, Geofizyki i Ochrony Środowiska
Celem pracy było: Dobranie odpowiedniej metodyki postępowania w przypadku zanieczyszczenia wód podziemnych węglowodorami aromatycznymi pozwala to na lepsze zrozumienie procesów zachodzących w przyrodzie i pokazuje kierunki dalszych działań naprawczych. Zastosowanie zaawansowanego modelowania numerycznego systemu przepływu i migracji jako użytecznego narzędzia do właściwej oceny stanu i prognozy zachowania się zanieczyszczeń.
Access status: Open Access ,
Rola gleby i strefy aeracji w procesach samooczyszczania się środowiska wód podziemnych zdegradowanych przez emisje przemysłowe w rejonie Huty Arcelor Mittal
(2004-01-19) (Data obrony: 2010) Operacz, Agnieszka
Wydział Geologii, Geofizyki i Ochrony Środowiska
The purpose of the research was to recognise the role of the soil and the vadose zone in self-purification processes within the groundwater environment of GZWP 450 - Vistula Valley in the area degraded by industrial emissions from Arcelor Mittal Steelworks. From the bunch of polluting substances, that constitute dusts and gases emitted by the industrial complex, sulphur compounds and 8 heavy metals ($Cd$, $Cr$, $Cu$, $Fe$, $Ni$, $Mn$, $Pb$, $Zn$) were selected for the analysis. The set of analyses was carried out of vadose zone porous water in two profiles (at depths of 8 and 12 meters) including: pH, Eh, PEW 25, physical-chemical composition, concentration of tritium and stable isotopes. Ali that enabled to achieve a comprehensive (both in quantity and in time-span) base of chemical composition of porous water within aeration zone. The average actual velocity of infiltration waters migration was determined on the basis of artificial markers analysis (bromide and sulphate ions) as well as environmental ones (stable isotopes and tritium) within infiltration waters. As a result of field and laboratory research the author had at her disposal a wide range of miscellaneous data that characterise migration of polluting substances through the soil and the vadose zone towards the underground waters reservoir. The data achieved characterised two different migration schemes: conservative pollution migration (sulphate ions) and pollution of significant retardation (heavy metals). Sampling the soil within the area of research enabled to draw conclusions comparable with the state of the environment in the context of heavy metals pollution described 12 years earlier (Witczak et al., 1994). Geochemical modelling in PHREEQC Interactive programme enabled recognition of main processes that take place in the vadose zone. The research demonstrated strong sulphate pollution and the essential protecting role of the soil and the aeration zone versus heavy metals.
Access status: Open Access ,
Wpływ zmian jakości wód podziemnych na stan chemiczny wód powierzchniowych na przykładzie zlewni Koprzywianki
(Data obrony: 2009-01-05) Stach-Kalarus, Monika
Wydział Geologii, Geofizyki i Ochrony Środowiska
The purpose of this thesis was assessment of the degree of groundwater and surface water interaction base on resources and the quality of the water as well. The interaction is presented by hydrogeological model which has been created in Visual Modflow application. The Koprzywianka catchment (left riverside tributary of Vistula River) has been chosen as model area. Assessment of the groundwater and surface water chemical status has been done base on groundwater and surface monitoring performed between 2004-2005. Regional estimation of the groundwater vulnerability to contamination from infiltration of surface to aquifer and division of conservative indicator carries by river, into three components depend on its genesis. One of these components is the groundwater outflow into the river. Assessment of groundwater renewable and disposable resources has been computed by mathematical modeling and hydrological methods. Mathematical model includes mutual relations between groundwater and surface water and estimating the influence of groundwater exploitation to water flow in rivers. The main objective of created model was response groundwater system ratio estimated as surface water runoff to introduction changes in chosen conservative indicator concentration with precipitation infiltration. Mass transport has been calculated with MT3D package and hydrodynamic model with non-stationary water flow conditions in time. Sulfurs has been chosen as conservative indicator. Speed of self-cleaning groundwater in reservoir, which decided about groundwater runoff quality to rivers.