Browsing by Subject "Spain"

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Access status: Open Access ,
Hydrothermal fluids influence on the thermal evolution of the Stephanian sequence, the Sabero Coalfield (NW Spain)
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2012) Botor, Dariusz
In the present study, the thermal history of the Late Carboniferous (Stephanian) coal-bearing sediments of the Sabero Coalfield has been reconstructed in order to elucidate coal rank. The Sabero Coalfield is located in a small intramontane coal-bearing basin along the Sabero-Gordón fault zone, one of the major E-W trending strike-slip fault systems of the southern part of the Cantabrian Zone (NW Spain). The total thickness of the Stephanian succession is in excess of 2,000 m, and is composed of siliclastic rocks and intercalated coal seams with tonsteins. Mean vitrinite reflectance values in the Stephanian rocks in the Sabero Coalfield are in the range from 0.61 to 3.14% Rr, but most values are in the range from 0.8 to 1.5% Rr (based on 84 samples). Average vitrinite reflectance gradient is high (0.73% Rr/km), which suggests high value of average paleogeothermal gradient (52°C/km). The maximum paleotemperatures calculated from vitrinite reflectance values for the Stephanian rocks range between 89°C (top of the Stephanian) and 195°C (bottom of the Stephanian). Coalification of the organic matter in the Stephanian rocks was achieved in the Early Permian, and was most likely related to several almost simultaneous related to magmatic and hydrothermal activity during high subsidence period in the pull-apart basin. The primary, burial-related maturity pattern, was probably slightly overprinted by fluid migration event, which is supposed to have occurred in Early Permian time.
Access status: Restricted ,
Pozytywne i negatywne skutki rozwoju turystyki w Barcelonie na wybranych przykładach
(Data obrony: 2018-06-28) Obrochta, Klaudia
Wydział Geologii, Geofizyki i Ochrony Środowiska
Celem pracy licencjackiej było wskazanie pozytywnych i negatywnych skutków wynikających z nieustannego rozwoju turystyki w Barcelonie. Dokładne zrozumienie problemu badawczego umożliwiła analiza literatury oraz danych statystycznych dotyczących turystyki na obszarze miasta. Na potrzeby pracy przeprowadzone zostały badania w dwóch grupach. Wśród turystów była to metoda sondażu diagnostycznego, którego narzędziem był kwestionariusz ankiety. W przypadku mieszkańców Barcelony zastosowano metodę wywiadu. Na podstawie analizy i interpretacji zebranych wyników wysunięto wnioski świadczące o niekorzystnym wpływie turystyki na obszarze miasta.
Access status: Open Access ,
Torcal de Antequera - kamienne miasto w Andaluzji
(2010) Janusz, Małgorzata; Lorenc, Marek Wojciech
The Torcal de Antequera is one of the best-preserved karst landscapes in Europe developed in Jurassic, oolithic, brecciated and detrital limestones. The rock formation is well bedded and cut by a dense, regular fracture system. A relatively small area (20 km$^{2}$) comprises four distinct geomorphological zones. At the surface visitors can recognize a variety of landforms produced by water and wind erosion whereas underground there exists a labirynth of karst forms: deep shafts, meandering galleries and huge caves. Since 1978 the Torcal de Antequera has been protected as a Natural Park and since 1989 it has become a Nature Site. The park combines a collection of remarkable geological valours and an exceptional biodiversity.