Browsing by Subject "animal bones"

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Access status: Open Access ,
Geotouristic attractiveness of the show caves of the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland area
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2020) Dzięgiel, Maciej
In this paper, six scenic caves situated in the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland area were the subject for comparative research, considered as very essential examples of underground geotouristic attractions, displaying karst forms completely different from each other. These include: Smocza Jama Cave (Dragon's Den) in Kraków city, Łokietek and Ciemna (Dark) Cave at Ojców, Wierzchowska Górna Cave at Wierzchowie, Nietoperzowa-Zygmunta Cave at Jerzmanowice and Głęboka (Deep) Cave at Podlesice. The first five caves are situated in the southern part of the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland and the last one, in its northern part. All of them are situated in the Silesian-Kraków Monocline. These caves developed in the Upper Jurassic (Oxfordian) massive limestones. Their karst forms are various and picturesque. Numerous animal remnants and traces of different prehistorical cultures were discovered and collected by researchers within and around three caves situated within the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland area. The geotouristic attractiveness of all six caves was demonstrated by their comparative geotourism valorisation evaluation adapted to meet tourists', educators' and investors' expectations and needs. The statistical data of the annual number of visitors at these objects were also discussed. In general, interest in these caves as geotouristic abiotic nature objects has been growing regularly up until today. They have become very widely known in Poland. Moreover, the Smocza Jama Cave, associated with the Royal Castle on the Wawel Hill, and the Łokietek Cave have become very popular worldwide.
Access status: Open Access ,
Prakopalnie miedzi obiektami geoturystyczno-archeologicznymi południowego Uralu
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2009) Pawlikowski, Maciej ; Pieprzyk-Klimaszewska, Karolina; Mikoś, Tadeusz
The main aim of this paper is to present to the Readers the southern part of the Ural Mts. including geography, geology and abundatn mineral deposits. Moreover, the authors describe poorly known, ancient copper mining and processing centers in the vicinity of Kargaly, where intensive archaeological excavations are recently carried on. In old, watered copper mines the animal bones mineralized with copper compounds were encountered. Samples were examinated in the laboratories of the AGH-Univesity of Science and Technology in Kraków. It was found that bones have been mineralized with copper solutions for thousands of years. Bones belong to fragile materials. A long-lasting mineralization resulted in a noticeable changes in physico-mechanical parametres The Southern Ural Mts., including the area of Kargaly can be an interesting region for geotourists and for any other persons who would like to gain knowledge on geology, mining engineering and/or archeology.
Access status: Open Access ,
Structural and morphological evaluations of natural hydroxyapatite from calcined animal bones for biomedical applications
(AGH University of Science and Technology Press, 2022) Ojo, Olusola Emmanuel; Sekunowo, Olatunde Israel; Gbenebor, Oluwashina Philips; Adeosun, Samson Oluropo; Ilomuanya, Margaret Okonawan
Several biomedical materials have been employed as drug delivery systems, but natural Hydroxyapatite (HAP) has been proven to be exceptionally better than other materials owing to its excellent bioactivity and biocompatibility properties. In this study, natural HAP was obtained from bovine and caprine bones and comparatively analysed for biomedical applications. The bones were hydrothermally treated, calcined in the temperature range of 700-1100°C, held for 2 hours in an electric furnace to remove the organic contents, milled, sifted with 150 μm mesh sieve and then characterized. It was revealed by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) that the bovine and caprine bone samples calcined at 1000°C had calcium/phosphorus ratio (Ca/P) of 1.66 closest to the standard of 1.67. The bovine HAP showed the best crystallinity (86.23%) at 1000°C while caprine HAP had its highest (87.25%) at 1100°C. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) results revealed that the calcination temperature must be greater than 700°C to isolate high quality HAP. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed that the samples calcined at 800°C had the largest average particle size (85.34 μm) while porosity increases with calcination temperature in both samples. The HAP obtained at a calcination temperature of 1000°C proved to have the best quality for biomedical applications.