Browsing by Subject "architectural elements"

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Kamień elementów architektonicznych w gotyckich budowlach Krakowa
(Data obrony: 2011-12-22) Paruch, Dorota
Wydział Geologii, Geofizyki i Ochrony Środowiska
The stone elements of Gothic architecture show the development of masonry and construction in Krakow at the end of the Middle Ages, including the influence of western culture, education, society and the development of trade and economic and political situation in Poland. Among the rocks used for the implementation of the decorative elements were diagnosed mainly Tertiary Jurassic limestones, Triassic dolomites, limestone Pińczów and Carpathian sandstone. Occasionally uses material from outside the Polish borders then, as marble Ammonitico Rosso, as well as religious grounds purchased a sculpture made from alabaster. The use of different types of stone is not accidental and related to the artistic intentions.
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Zmiany wietrzeniowe wybranych kamieni budowlanych w środowisku miejskim
(Data obrony: 2013-09-23) Ziemianek, Andrzej
Wydział Geologii, Geofizyki i Ochrony Środowiska
The weathering process of building materials is a natural phenomenon but in areas of high air pollution often characteristic of large cities like Krakow is a significant intensification. In that research the inner and outer layer of architectural objects located in the Kazimierz district, made of limestone, dolomite and sandstone. The following methods were used: optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy SEM, X-ray diffraction XRD, Raman spectroscopy and chemical analysis. Studied rocks according to their petrography and exposure to weather conditions show different degree of deterioration. Sandstones are intense granular disintegration and limestone covered with black crusts. In the outer layers of stones the presence of phases of anthropogenic origin like: gypsum, halite, iron oxides spheres, Si-Al glass spheres and organic compounds were found. The higher concentration of heavy metals: Zn, Cu and Co in the surface layer were discovered also. These changes confirm the significant impact of air pollution on the rate of weathering in urban areas.