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Browsing by Subject "black crusts"

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  • thumbnail.journal.alt
    Item type:Thesis, Access status: Restricted ,
    Charakterystyka czarnych naskorupień z piaskowcowych detali architektonicznych
    (Data obrony: 2013-07-16) Orzechowska, Anita
    Wydział Geologii, Geofizyki i Ochrony Środowiska
    Black crusts formed on a sandstone elements are common phenomena in polluted urban environment. The outer layers from architectonic elements of Czapski Palace and Czartoryski Museum in Cracow were investigated in this study research. The following methods were used : optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy SEM, X-Ray diffraction XRD, Raman spectroscopy, thermal analysis and chemical analysis. The presence of gypsum, halite, iron oxides spheres, Si-Al glass spheres, fly ash and organic matter were revealed on the black layer overlying sandstone elements. Increased metal contents of Zn, Ba, Pb and Cu were discovered on the black outer layers, in relation to the internal layers. It points on the fundamental importance of air pollution in the process of weathering and the formation of black crusts.