Browsing by Subject "coke"

Now showing 1 - 7 of 7

Access status: Open Access ,
Dehydrochlorination of polyvinyl chloride and co-pyrolysis with maize cob: Insight into product composition and thermal behaviour
(2025) Jerzak, Wojciech; Magdziarz, Aneta
Wydział Inżynierii Metali i Informatyki Przemysłowej
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) waste can be a good candidate as feedstock for co-pyrolysis with biomass. However, the high chlorine content in PVC pyrolysis products constitutes a barrier to their use. One way to eliminate chlorine from PVC is dehydrochlorination. This study explores the co-pyrolysis of maize cob with dehydrochlorinated PVC, focusing on product yields, chlorine distribution, and thermal interactions. Virgin PVC was dehydrochlorinated at 593 K, achieving 99 % chlorine removal, and its thermal behaviour was assessed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). For the three heating rates studied: 5, 10 and 30 K/min, HCl was the main compound released up to 593 K. Lab-scale co-pyrolysis experiments were conducted in a fixed-bed reactor at 873 K with varying biomass-to-PVC mass ratios. Increasing the PVC content enhanced oil yield and aromatic compound formation, slightly increased char carbon content, and redistributed chlorine predominantly into the oil phase. The gas phase was enriched with hydrocarbons such as methane, ethene, and ethane. The results indicate that dehydrochlorinated PVC alters biomass pyrolysis pathways, promoting deoxygenation reactions and reducing char formation. These findings provide insights into optimizing co-pyrolysis conditions for improved product quality, demonstrating the potential of dehydrochlorinated PVC as a carbon-rich additive for thermochemical biomass conversion.
Access status: Open Access ,
Determining optimum volume of cold and hot blast air in single-row coke cupolas
(2005) Khatemi, Belkheir; Longa, Władysław
In this study a formuła was derived to calculate optimum volume of cupola blast air [m /(m -s). standard operating conditions], cold or hot, for single-row coke cupolas, assuming that the lower boun-dary of the melting zone is adhacent to the upper boundary of the combustion zone (the condition of optimum cupola running formulated by A. Achenbach in 1931). Relevant eąuations and tables have also been developed to make the calculations easier. From computations madę in this study it follows that the optimum blast air volume is increasing with an increase of the blast air temperaturę, assuming for cold blast a value close to 100 m /(m -min) (Buzek postulate), with modulus of the metallic charge lumps changing in a rangę of 15 to 20 mm.
Access status: Open Access ,
Environmental friendly consumption of scrap tires in eaf's to save power and carbon
(2008) Joulazadeh, Mohammad Hassan
World wastes nearly 1.3 billions of tire/year, while Iran wastes 8 millions pieces of tire annually. This study and investigation shows that waste tires can be a substitute for coal & coke in EAF as environmental friendly. In this study Esfahan Steel Company (ESCo) consumed waste tires with 6 Mg capacity EAF. Thirteen grades of steel including Iow, medium & high C content as well as Iow & high alloys were produced during 73 heats. The result was very successful & coke consumption rate reduced from 18 to 0 kg/Mg of steel. Electricity consumption decreased from 448 to 388 kWh/Mg. Stack gas analysis & measuring was done and the achieved results indicate the polluted gases content such as CO, NOX and SO2 is much less than the limited range. Industrial tests continued in Iran Alloy Steel Co. where 20 heats were made in 40 Mg capacity EAF with 30 MVA transformer capacities. The results are as follows: waste tires can be substitute for C in EAF steelmaking & the costs lowered by 5 €/Mg, the use of waste tires for additional chemical energy can further decrease electric energy consumption up to by 10-25%. The average S% in steel products was lower than 0.026, the environment is improved by consumption of waste tires in EAF instead of burying them in landfills. The process is reliable, economic & ecological. The large sized scrap tires like these of graders, mining earth movers, trucks & farm tires can be charged in EAF as whole used tires. Dioxin formation peaks at 200°C and decreases unsymmetrically with increasing temperature. Tires have virtually no Hg.
Access status: Open Access ,
Najkorzystniejsza wysokość warstwy strefy spalania koksu
(Drukarnia Edmund Mirek i S-ka Wydawca, między 1935 i 1936) Czyżewski, Mikołaj
Access status: Open Access ,
Ocena wartości koksu
(Druk. Edmund Mirek i S-ka, 1936) Czyżewski, Mikołaj
Access status: Open Access ,
Oszczędny opał wodnych centralnych ogrzewań koksem gazowniczym i gazem
(Redakcja 'Gaz i Woda', 1931) Dawidowski, Roman
Access status: Open Access ,
The theoretical background for calculation of geometrical parameters of the stable melting zone in single-row coke cupolas
(2005) Longa, Władysław; Khatemi, Belkheir
In the present work, the stable melting zone was divided into sequences (systems) of the melting pieces of metal, to derive next some equations used in calculation of the mean volume and surface area of the pieces in individual sequences (for plates of any arbitrary value of their relative dimensions). The analysis of the obtained relationships has proved that in calculation of the geometrical parameters of the melting zone (zone height, mass of melting metal, surface of development, number of the melting pieces of metal) it is possible to use the term of a mean integral volume and mean integral surface area of the pieces of metal in a zone.