Browsing by Subject "external dump"

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Access status: Open Access ,
Koncepcja przestrzennego odwzorowania kosztów zwałowania na zwałowisku zewnętrznym
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2010) Kasztelewicz, Zbigniew; Zajączkowski, Maciej
Opencast exploitation of mineral deposits requires removing the overburden lying over them and dumping it outside the pit. Most often the overburden is located at the external dumps in immediate proximity from the opening cut. Biggest objects of this kind are created during the building of opencast lignite mines. Large depth on which the deposits are located results in a creation of an external dump with a capacity ranging from a few to few hundred million $m^{3}$. Costs associated with dumping are relevant element of making the deposit accessible. The article presents a concept of spatial model of costs of dumping at the external dump. A hypothetical model of the external dump and terrain's topography on which the dump is located was created. The costs were projected with the use of the dump's block model.
Access status: Open Access ,
Możliwość wykorzystania obiektów górniczych dla celów rekreacyjnych na przykładzie zwałowiska zewnętrznego Pola Szczerców
(2007) Cichoń, Tomasz
Open cast exploitation of deposits of lignite leaves post-exploitation pits and external dumps. Building of external dumps is connected with occupying of large areas and increasing of areas designed for final restoration. External dumps bring in diversity in landscape which is very often touristic unattractive. Dumps make possible making view points, bike and foot paths and object demanding large height differences, e.g. ski lifts. This type of reclamation may be used in northern slope of Field Szczerców external dump. Part of mentioned above recreational objects may be realized in years 2007-2013 as a part of Winter Sport Center BOT KWB Bełchatów.
Access status: Open Access ,
Ocena zaopatrzenia sosny zwyczajnej (Pinus sylvestris L.) w składniki pokarmowe w warunkach zwałowiska zewnętrznego KWB »Bełchatów«
(2007) Bajorek-Zydroń, Katarzyna; Krzaklewski, Wojciech; Pietrzykowski, Marcin
The aim of the work was to assess the Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) nutrient supply in the first age group (of up to 20 years) growing on the top of the external slope in the Bełchatów lignite mine and in managed forests in the vicinity of the dump. The research was conducted on 60 experimental plots (10x10 m) in a chronosequence of 5-7, 9-11 and 12-14 years, with 10 repetitions for each age group on the slope and in managed tree stands. It was found that nitrogen was the most deficient element in the Bełchatów dump. Its average content ranged from 0.8 to 0.9%. Based on the results of pine high and needle length measurements it was established that satisfactory growth of the trees from this species took place when nitrogen content in its assimilation apparatus was at least 1.0% N. The content of other biogenes important for trees (Ca, Mg, K, P, S) was considered satisfactory in pine needles, however the phosphate content in the slope was visibly lower than in the assimilated material of pines from forests in the vicinity of the dump. The proportions of individual macroelements in pine needles were satisfactory and the mean content appeared in quantitative series characteristic for the species: N K Ca P Mg. The obtained results show that with the exception of nitrogen, the initial soils of the dump provide the majority of nutrients for the Scots pine introduced as part of the reclaim process.
Access status: Open Access ,
Wpływ kształtu zwałowiska zewnętrznego na koszty transportu zwałowanego urobku
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2011) Zajączkowski, Maciej
Influence of the shape of external dump on the transportation costs was analyzed in the article. In order to do this, three shapes of external dump were defined with the same volume and height, general slope gradient and the location of the transportation ramp. In all three cases the position of center of gravity was determined depending on the received shape of the basis of the dump. Knowing the distance from the center of gravity to the beginning of the transportation ramp, the average road of transportation on the dump was estimated and the elementary energy demand to transporting fixed volume of the overburden. These values make estimation of the transportation costs of the dumping masses possible and show the most profitable shape of external dump considering these costs.