Browsing by Subject "extraction"

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Bioprzyswajalne formy metali w glebie i metody ich określania
(Data obrony: 2018-01-31) Wikar, Justyna
Wydział Geologii, Geofizyki i Ochrony Środowiska
Bioprzyswajalność metali w glebie zależy m.in. od czynników glebowych takich jak odczyn gleby, jej uziarnienie, zawartość materii organicznej, właściwości sorpcyjne gleby, potencjał redoks, a także od rodzaju metalu oraz wzajemnych proporcji i relacji między poszczególnymi formami pierwiastków. Z bioprzyswajalnością metali wiąże się inna ważna cecha – mobilność, która uwarunkowana jest z kolei ich rozpuszczalnością. Na przemieszczanie się form metali w glebie ma także wpływ pochodzenie danego metalu, jego właściwości geochemiczne oraz właściwości gleby. Bioprzyswajalność jest istotna z punktu widzenia roślin. Pobierają one bowiem metale w sposób bierny oraz aktywny. Najłatwiej przyswajalne dla roślin są formy w postaci wolnych jonów. Wyróżnia się formy labilne oraz formy stabilne metali. Do określania form bioprzyswajalnych oraz mobilnych służą metody analizy specjacyjnej tj. ekstrakcje pojedyncze oraz ekstrakcje sekwencyjne, które zostały szczegółowo opisane i przedstawione w niniejszej pracy.
Access status: Open Access ,
Characterisation of used traction sand for utilization aspects in earth construction based on the requirements of Finnish environmental legislation
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2019) Pöykiö, Risto; Grönvall, Mika; Watkins, Gary; Välimäki, Ilkka; Perämäki, Paavo; Dahl, Olli
Finland launched a new Government Decree, the so-called MARA-regulation, on the utilization of certain wastes in earth construction on 1.1.2018. This statutory regulation sets limit values for the solubility of heavy metals (Sb, As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Mo, Ni, Se, Zn, V, Hg), chloride, sulphate, fluoride and dissolved organic carbon, as well as for organic substance (petroleum hydrocarbons, benzene, naphthalene, TEX (toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene), PAH-, phenolic- and PCB-compounds). In this case study, the concentrations of these harmful substances in the used traction sand collected in the city of Kemi, Northern Finland, were lower than their limit values set in the MARA-regulation. Therefore, this residue is a potential material to be used at earth construction sites such as in roads and roadways, in field and embankment structures, as well as in floor structures of industrial or storage buildings. However, if the used traction sand is to be utilized for these kinds of civil engineering purposes, an environmental permit is still needed because this material is not yet included in the scope of the MARA-regulation. This paper also gives an overview of the relevant Finnish environmental legislation on the utilization of wastes as an earth construction material.
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Redukcja ilości materii organicznej w koncentratach rud miedzi produkowanych przez ZWR Polkowice metodami chemicznymi - aspekt ekonomiczny i środowiskowy
(Data obrony: 2014-12-19) Staszkiewicz, Jadwiga
Wydział Geologii, Geofizyki i Ochrony Środowiska
In the paper were presented results of extraction of copper concentrate using the organic solvents (acetone, dichloromethane: methanol (9:1), toluene), carried out in order to reduce the organic matter content in the concentrate produced in the Concentrator Plant, in Polkowice area. Adjustment of the organic carbon (TOC) amount in the concentrate can increase the efficiency of the flash furnace smelting technology and control over its energy balance. Based on the results of the bitumen extraction and geochemical parameters and indicators obtained from Rock-Eval pyrolysis analysis, it was found that the most effective solvent is a mixture of dichloromethane and methanol (9:1 v/v). Decrease of the TOC content in the sample with increasing extraction time is observed. Generally, bitumen yield is directly proportional to extraction time. The study shows that the selected organic solvents did not significantly reduce the organic matter content, therefore reducing the amount of TOC by the solvent extraction is inefficient method. The study can be a prelude to seek an effective solvent for extraction of organic matter present in the copper concentrates produced by KGHM PM SA.
Access status: Open Access ,
The valorization of flotation tailings in terms of the concept of the circular economy: characterization, environmental risk assessment, and waste utilization routes
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2024) Mikoda, Bartosz; Potysz, Anna; Siepak, Marcin; Kmiecik, Ewa
Flotation tailings originating from copper ore processing were evaluated in terms of chemical and mineralogical features, leaching, and resource potential. The results demonstrated that flotation tailings show varying degrees of the leachability of elements when exposed to different pH conditions (2–13); the Zn, Cu and Co leachabilities decrease as pH increases, whereas Mo, Ag and Sb revealed U-shaped leaching trend as a function of pH. Flotation tailings were found to be fairly reactive when exposed to water leaching and rainfall conditions. The environmental risk analysis demonstrated Zn to be the most susceptible element to liberation from the flotation tailings studied. Recovery tests demonstrated sulfuric acid to be slightly more efficient extracting agent as compared to citric acid. Hybrid approach to metal recovery was rather unsuitable for studied tailings due to lower extraction yield (not exceeding 20%) as compared to chemical treatment (not exceeding 40%).
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Zawartość węglowodorów parafinowych i aromatycznych w osadach technologicznych po fermentacji w oczyszczalni ścieków Kraków-Płaszów
(Data obrony: 2012-09-11) Broniak, Natalia
Wydział Geologii, Geofizyki i Ochrony Środowiska
The aim of this thesis was to perform the test on samples of sediments after the fermentation process in the sweage treatment plant Kraków-Płaszów as regards occurrence in this sediments paraffin and aromatic hydrocarbons. Sewage samples were collected from September to November and during March. Collected material was extracted by the ultrasonic, using petroleum ether, and then analyzed in the gas chromatograph Hewlett Packard 5890 Series II. The results were worked out and described by the basic statistical methods. The research results revealed that in the analyzed sewage sludge were present vestigial amounts of paraffinic and aromatic hydrocarbons. The exception was toluene, which dominanted in the tested compounds. Due to its neurotoxic effect, it is suggested to improve the biological purification process by using the additional strains of bacteria.