Browsing by Subject "gasification"

Now showing 1 - 8 of 8

Access status: Restricted ,
Analysis of tar formation during gasification and its thermochemical characterization
(Data obrony: 2019-05-20) Lawal, Yusuf Adebayo
Wydział Energetyki i Paliw
Access status: Open Access ,
Biomass CO2 gasification with CaO looping for syngas production in a fixed-bed reactor
(2020) Gao, Ningbo; Śliz, Maciej; Quan, Cui; Bieniek, Artur; Magdziarz, Aneta
Wydział Inżynierii Metali i Informatyki Przemysłowej
The most important challenge in solid feedstock thermal conversion methods is minimising $CO_{2}$ emissions. In this work, the gasification of pine sawdust in a mixture of $N_{2}$ and $CO_{2}$ was investigated for the reduction of $CO_{2}$ by a calcium oxide loop. The experiments were conducted at 600, 700, and 800 °C in a fixed-bed reactor. The biomass was mixed with the calcium oxide at a ratio of 1:1. The chemical composition of the syngas was analysed using gas chromatography. Moreover, the high heating values of the received gas samples were calculated, and thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis were performed to investigate the absorption of $CO_{2}$ by $CaO$. The results of the gasification process showed that the syngas contained $CO$, $CH_{4}$, $CO_{2}$, $H_{2}$, $N_{2}$, and other low hydrocarbons. The most significant results were obtained for a 2:1 ratio of $N_{2}$ to $CO_{2}$ at 700 °C, and a $CO_{2}$ reduction of 25% was observed. Moreover, the catalytic properties of $CaO$ increased the concentration of $H_{2}$ in the produced syngas by up to 10%. A temperature of 800 °C was too high for the carbonation reaction of $CaO$. This study presents a possible solution for achieving negative carbon emissions.
Access status: Open Access ,
Future-oriented waste management technology for Ward-6, Bogura, Bangladesh - a step towards sustainability
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2022) Dinnar, Sajjad Hossain; Islam, Shobnom; Singh, Manpreet; Gaba, Rishab
Rapid urbanization combined with high economic growth, industrialization, and changes in socio-economic conditions increase the quantity of municipal solid waste. Cities located in South-Asia are facing serious issues due to waste, with countries like India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan top of the list of bad waste management. The increasing generation of solid waste and also the improper management of waste in Bangladesh leads to environmental degradation. Current waste management practice in Bangladesh is so weak that day by day it is harming the climate and creating a lot of unwanted situations. This research consists of an examination of the current administrative measures and presents another proposition for the executive cycle to decrease ecological contamination. The research study aims to decrease the amount of waste being dumped into municipal sanitary landfill sites & converting the waste into energy which is both financially and environmentally suitable by involving unemployed people in the management system. The results of this study will give an idea of how waste can be utilized as a resource and how this resource can be a capital good as well as how the local level problems can be solved by taking some strategies and making our environment suitable for future generations.
Access status: Open Access ,
Koncepcja układu produkcji metanolu zintegrowanego ze zgazowaniem węgla brunatnego
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2009) Chmielniak, Tomasz; Popowicz, Józef; Sarnecki, Włodzimierz
The performance of methanol production plant based on lignite gasification using commercially available technology was simulated. For lignite gasification the entrained flow, dry feeding gasifier was selected. Pre-feasibility study of the plant processing 2 million ton of raw coal (50% water content) was presented and discussed. For considerad plant configurations, results of analysis confirm economical feasibility of the technology.
Access status: Open Access ,
Koncepcja zgazowania węgla brunatnego dla wytwarzania wodoru
(2007) Chmielniak, Tomasz; Ściążko, Marek
The performance of hydrogen production plant based on Legnica lignite (Poland) gasification using commercially available technology was simulated. For lignite gasification the entrained flow, dry feeding gasifier was selected. Pre-feasibility study of the plant processing 7 million ton of row coal (50% water content) was presented and discussed. Three options of plant configuration were considered: hydrogen production with $CO_{2}$ venting with and without emissions penalty and hydrogen production with $CO_{2}$ transport and storage. In all cases $CO_{2}$ was separated from the gas stream before hydrogen separation unit. For all considered plant configurations results of analysis confirm economical feasibility of the technology.
Access status: Open Access ,
Marine plastic waste management according to circular economy concept through the interdisciplinary and international cooperation
Magdziarz, Aneta; Wang, Jiawei; Wu, Chunfei; Sullivan, James; Mlonka-Mędrala, Agata
Wydział Inżynierii Metali i Informatyki Przemysłowej
Global plastic production is currently at a rate of 200,000 tonnes per year, and it is projected to increase to 33 billion tonnes per year by 2050. Approximately 10% of the plastic produced ends up in the seas and oceans. Plastic pollution in marine and coastal environments is a growing concern worldwide. Sources of this waste include shipping transportation, coastal tourism, marine aquaculture, and fishing. It is estimated that at least 14 million tonnes of plastic enter the oceans and seas annually. Furthermore, beach litter, which often consists of plastic packaging, lids, bottles, and cigarette butts, poses significant challenges. The G20 countries signed an Action Plan on Marine Litter in Germany in 2017, recognizing the urgent need to prevent and reduce marine litter to preserve human health as well as marine and coastal ecosystems. This highlights the need to reduce the amount of plastic waste in the sea, ocean, and coasts and find solutions to manage the existing waste. Proper management of marine waste can help stop the flow of waste in line with a closed-loop economy. Reducing and stopping plastic waste from reaching the oceans is crucial for achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The CUPOLA project is the international, interdisciplinary, and intersectoral research and innovation project aiming to find solutions to this global problem. The main goal of the CUPOLA project is to establish long-term research cooperation between institutions with complementary expertise to design and develop carbon-neutral, scalable, and socially acceptable methods to sort and convert plastic waste into valuable chemicals and materials. The originality of CUPOLA lies in the collaborative network among experimentalists, theoreticians, and industrialists. Key technologies in the project include waste sorting and pre-treatment methods. Novel pneumatic systems are developed for the separation of waste plastics, effectively separating the plastic waste into PET-rich, PO-rich, and PA-rich streams. The successful separation of plastic waste is crucial for the subsequent mechanical and chemical recycling processes. Thermochemical processes such as catalytic pyrolysis, catalytic gasification, aminolysis, and hydrothermal carbonization are applied to convert feedstocks into valuable chemicals and materials. For instance, the PET-rich stream will be transformed into bitumen additives through aminolysis, while the polyolefin-rich stream will be converted to benzene, toluene, and xylenes (BTX) via catalytic pyrolysis, and to H2 and carbon nanotubes through catalytic gasification. The project will involve process modeling, techno-economic analysis, and life cycle assessment to provide essential information about the economic viability and environmental impact of these processes. Additionally, renewable energy sources and carbon capture technologies will be integrated into the final design of the CUPOLA processes to ensure carbon neutrality. This project has the potential to bring together a wide range of research and industry groups in chemistry, chemical engineering, civil engineering, mechanical engineering, environmental science, and computer science to collaborate on the recycling of marine plastic waste. The success of the project will contribute to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 3, 12, and 14 by reducing plastic pollution in the oceans and converting waste into value-added products.
Access status: Open Access ,
Selected aspects of coal gasification for application in low-emission energy technologies
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2021) Madejski, Paweł; Różycki, Sławomir; Banaś, Marian; Pająk, Tadeusz
Solid fuel electricity generation has been known and used for many years. The combustion of solid fuels is a complex process that requires proper preparation of the fuel, carrying out the combustion process, as well as the removal of harmful substances in the form of dust and gaseous pollutants (NOx, SOx, CO) from exhaust gases emitted into the environment. For decades, the gaseous form has been considered the noblest form of fuel. Gaseous fuels can be easily transported over long distances, are immediately ready for combustion and the composition of the fuel mixture can be freely adjusted. The constant pursuit to reduce anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions require the use of low-emission and zero-emission energy generation technologies. In the case of coal, this will mean a shift from direct combustion to more advanced systems powered by gaseous fuel. The paper presents an overview of the available techniques and technologies of solid fuel gasification aimed at the production of gaseous fuels, which can be used in low-emission energy technologies. The computational methods of the gasification process are also presented, which allow the selection of the best technology and operating parameters of individual reactors.
Access status: Open Access ,
Thermal upgrading of hydrochar from anaerobic digestion of municipal solid waste organic fraction
(2022) Mlonka-Mędrala, Agata; Sieradzka, Małgorzata; Magdziarz, Aneta
Wydział Inżynierii Metali i Informatyki Przemysłowej
Solid fraction obtained from anaerobic digestion of municipal solid waste organic fraction is a waste produced in noticeable amounts, which according to circular economy concept can be upgraded to produce new, value-added products like: hydrogen rich process gas and carbon rich solid material. In this study, thermal upgrading of hydrochar by steam gasification was analysed. Raw material was obtained through hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of digestate from anaerobic digestion of wet fraction of municipal solid waste at 200 and 230 °C, and residence time of 60 and 120 min. The further gasification step was carried out at 800 °C and the residence time was 10 min under nitrogen with a steam atmosphere. The main objective of hydrochar upgrading through steam gasification was production of carbon-rich material with developed active surface area. The study presented promising results regarding proper management of mixed wastes, which have not yet been analysed in the literature. It was noted that low temperature and residence time are favouring active surface area development. Analysis of the main gaseous products of the gasification process showed that syngas is composed mainly of $H_{2}$, $CH_{4}$, $CO_{2}$, $O_{2}$, and $CO$. The hydrogen concentration was the highest noted for hydrochar obtained at highest temperature and residence time. Analysis of the concentration of each syngas component reveals that combined treatment of digestate from anaerobic digestion through the HTC and gasification process results in $H_{2}$-rich syngas products and a high $H_{2}/CO$ ratio with parallel fair quality activated carbon.