Browsing by Subject "hydrogen"

Now showing 1 - 16 of 16

Access status: Open Access ,
A model of a small size solar-hydrogen power installation
(2012) Uhl, Tadeusz; Śliwa, Zbigniew; Grzesica, Sławomir
This paper describes a miniaturized model of a small size solar-hydrogen power installation with a reserve electricity source in the form of a fuel cell. The cell was powered with hydrogen generated in the electrolyzer in time periods when the photovoltaic panel works in suitable insolation conditions. Hydrogen was stored in a special tank, containing hydride releasing hydrogen in convertible reactions. The tests shown were performed in the summer and in various weather conditions. Conclusions confirmed the usefulness of the model for the design of full sized installations dedicated to summer cottages and similar objects. Modifications of the model were proposed with the aim to obtain quantitative test results needed for designing more efficient installations.
Access status: Open Access ,
An evaluation of the effect of ultrasonic degassing on components produced by high pressure die casting
(AGH University of Science and Technology Press, 2020) Silva López, Manel da; Bajusz, Attila; Pabel, Thomas; Petkov, Tose; Plantà, Xavier
Ultrasonic treatment is known to be efficient for aluminium melt degassing with the additional benefits of being both economical and environment friendly. This paper describes the effect of ultrasonic degassing on the preparation of an AlSi9Cu3(Fe) alloy for High Pressure Die Casting (HPDC). The degassing efficiency was assessed in terms of the indirect evaluation of the melt, by means of the reduced pressure test and the porosity evaluation of the cast parts. Additionally, the corresponding hydrogen content was estimated with an experimental equation reported in the literature. Ultrasonic degassing shows greater efficiency in terms of hydrogen removal from the melt than conventional N$_{2}$ + Ar lance bubbling. Components produced by HPDC without degassing, with ultrasonic degassing and with lance degassing, were analysed by computed tomography and by metallography. The results show that the components produced by HPDC after ultrasonic degassing have a similar porosity level to components degassed with conventional lance bubbling, both showing an important improvement over components produced without degassing treatment. Hardness values were similar for all different treatment conditions and well over the minimum value established for the alloy by the corresponding standard.
Access status: Open Access ,
Analysis of hydrogen gas saturation in sedimentary sequences of Volyn-Podillya (Ukraine)
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2025) Hubych, Ihor; Krupskyi, Yuii; Tsikhon, Serhii
With the aim of using hydrogen energy by the Ukrainian industry, the paper considers the general patterns of hydrogen distribution in the sedimentary sequences of Volyn-Podillya. The general features of the distribution of water-dissolved and sorbed gases in rocks within productive and water-saturated complexes are analyzed. The genetic relationships between individual components of natural gases have been established, which allows us to identify depth intervals where hydrogen predominates in the well section. The latter, when used for regional forecasting, makes it possible to establish zones, and thus directions for the search for hydrogen accumulations in the sedimentary cover in Volyn-Podillya.
Access status: Open Access ,
Biomass thermochemical conversion via pyrolysis with integrated CO2 capture
(2020) Sieradzka, Małgorzata; Gao, Ningbo; Quan, Cui; Mlonka-Mędrala, Agata; Magdziarz, Aneta
Wydział Inżynierii Metali i Informatyki Przemysłowej
The presented work is focused on biomass thermochemical conversion with integrated $CO_{2}$ capture. The main aim of this study was the in-depth investigation of the impact of pyrolysis temperature (500, 600 and 700 °C) and $CaO$ sorbent addition on the chemical and physical properties of obtained char and syngas. Under the effect of the pyrolysis temperature, the properties of biomass chars were gradually changed, and this was confirmed by examination using thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and porosimetry methods. The chars were characterised by a noticeable carbon content (two times at 700 °C) resulting in a lower O/C ratio. The calculated combustion indexes indicated the better combustible properties of chars. In addition, structural morphology changes were observed. However, the increasing pyrolysis temperature resulted in changes of solid products; the differences of char properties were not significant in the range of 500 to 700 °C. Syngas was analysed using a gas chromatograph. The following main components were identified: $CO$, $CO_{2}$, $CH_{4}$, $H_{2}$ and $C_{2}H_{4}$, $C_{2}H_{6}$, $C_{3}H_{6}$, $C_{3}H_{8}$. A significant impact of $CaO$ on $CO_{2}$ adsorption was found. The concentration of $CO_{2}$ in syngas decreased with increased temperature, and the highest decrease occurred in the presence of $CaO$ from above 60% to below 30% at 600 °C.
Access status: Open Access ,
Czy wodór może być magazynem i nośnikiem energii w budownictwie?
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2023) Dudek, Magdalena Maria
W artykule scharakteryzowano podstawowe warianty wykorzystania wodoru jako magazynu i nośnika energii, a także ogniw paliwowych w energetyce rozproszonej. Przedstawiono możliwości integracji rozwiązań technologii wodorowych i ogniw paliwowych z odnawialnych źródeł energii w systemach niezależnego zasilania dla budownictwa. Wodór wytwarzany w procesie elektrolizy może być magazynowany w skalowalnych zbiornikach wysokociśnieniowych (200-350 barów) oraz w niskociśnieniowych magazynach wodoru, a następnie wykorzystany do produkcji energii elektrycznej z ogniw paliwowych. Interesującą opcją jest również wykorzystanie alternatywnych paliw (np. metanolu) jako nośników wodoru do budowy pomocniczych układów zasilania w budownictwie. Kolejną ważną cechą rozważanych układów rozproszonych jest możliwość uzyskania wariantowego ciepła, zarówno z ogniw paliwowych, jak i w procesach wodorowych.
Access status: Open Access ,
Determination of mechanical parameters of salts in the cyclic load processes corresponding to the operation of a storage cavern for hydrogen
(AGH University of Science and Technology Press, 2021) Polański, Krzysztof
The paper describes the results of laboratory tests of the strength of salt samples made as part of the HESTOR project in order to determine the mechanical parameters of salt. The tests were carried out using an Autolab 2000 apparatus which allows to simulate any load cycles. The tests were made by simulating the operation of the hydrogen storage cavern. In order to observe the differences in salt behavior depending on the sample medium being stored during the test, gases were supplied: nitrogen, as an analogue of natural gas, and helium as a hydrogen analogue.
Access status: Open Access ,
Koncepcja zgazowania węgla brunatnego dla wytwarzania wodoru
(2007) Chmielniak, Tomasz; Ściążko, Marek
The performance of hydrogen production plant based on Legnica lignite (Poland) gasification using commercially available technology was simulated. For lignite gasification the entrained flow, dry feeding gasifier was selected. Pre-feasibility study of the plant processing 7 million ton of row coal (50% water content) was presented and discussed. Three options of plant configuration were considered: hydrogen production with $CO_{2}$ venting with and without emissions penalty and hydrogen production with $CO_{2}$ transport and storage. In all cases $CO_{2}$ was separated from the gas stream before hydrogen separation unit. For all considered plant configurations results of analysis confirm economical feasibility of the technology.
Access status: Restricted ,
Ocena relacji i zależności pomiędzy stężeniami wodoru i węglowodorów gazowych pomierzonych w gazie glebowym nad złożem ropy i gazu Barnówko-Mostno-Buszewo
(Data obrony: 2012-03-22) Nowak, Krzysztof
Wydział Geologii, Geofizyki i Ochrony Środowiska
In the work are shown the results of research carried out in geochemical of free gas method. The measurements were implemented within the area of the oil and gas field Barnówko-Mostno-Buszewo, where the 668 of soil gas samples. Soil gas samples were analysed for concentrations of methane and higher alkanes (ethane, propane, butanes), unsaturated hydrocarbons (ethylene, propylene, 1butene) as well as hydrogen. The results obtained were statistically analysed. The relationship between concentrations of hydrogen and hydrocarbon were analysed, and surface distribution of concentrations were completed. The test was carried out in order to ascertain the relationship between hydrogen and hydrocarbons over Barnówko-Mostno-Buszewo oil and gas field. The results obtained show a lack of correlation between hydrogen and gaseous hydrocarbons.
Access status: Open Access ,
Possibility of energy storage in salt caverns
(2016) Lankof, Leszek; Polański, Krzysztof; Ślizowski, Jarosław; Tomaszewska, Barbara
In this article the methods of energy storage in salt caverns in the form of hydrogen, compressed air and natural gas were compared. Also the general issues concerning the geological, ecological and legal requirements for the storage of substances in rock salt deposits as well as the possibility of analyzed substances storage in the Zatoka Gdańska region and in the Goleniów salt dome were discussed. Moreover the suggestions concerning management of the brine coming from caverns leaching were also presented in this article.
Access status: Restricted ,
Power to liquid - analiza wybranych czynników techniczno-ekonomicznych
(Data obrony: 2017-07-24) Osiniak, Łukasz
Wydział Energetyki i Paliw
Access status: Open Access ,
Recent advances in low-gradient combustion modelling of hydrogen fuel blends
(2022) Buczyński, Rafał; Uryga-Bugajska, Ilona; Tokarski, Mieszko
Wydział Energetyki i Paliw
Low-gradient combustion (LGC) proved to be an effective alternative technology to reduce pollutant emissions and carbon footprint, specifically when combined with hydrogen as a fuel or blend component. This novel technology offers several advantages over conventional combustion regimes, including a more effective control of emissions and providing greater flexibility in fuel application. The impact of hydrogen on this regime is still not well-known, especially when it comes to the combustion of pure hydrogen and fuels with a high hydrogen content. In the last two decades, numerical simulations have become a powerful tool that facilitates the research and design of LGC, particularly in terms of stability of the process and the emission of pollutants. This article provides an up-to-date review of recent trends and theoretical knowledge in low-gradient combustion. This includes the guidelines and recommendations applied to LGC modelling. Comparisons have been made between the recently published modelling approaches presented by the authors, including a detailed assessment of the discrepancies in the temperature predictions. The challenges and limitations associated with the LGC combustion modelling of conventional fuels (i.e., natural gas, methane, syngas) blended with hydrogen are also discussed. The review demonstrated that the Eddy Dissipation Concept (EDC) is the most common turbulent chemical interaction model employed in LGC combustion simulations. The performance of the EDC can be significantly improved by variable constants $C_{𝛾}$ and $C_{𝜏}$ based on local turbulent Reynolds and Damköhler numbers. However, the most recent publications indicate that the flamelet-based approach can be considered as a promising (and more cost-effective) alternative to the EDC. Furthermore, the chemical kinetic studies considered in this review confirm that there is no detailed reaction mechanism capable of accurately predicting the temperature profile along with the emissions of the main species of interest, i.e., NOx, CO, CO2, and OH. Although GRI-Mech 2.11 is the most widely used mechanism in LGC simulations, providing satisfactory overall accuracy.
Access status: Open Access ,
Storage of hydrogenous gas in geological formations - self-organisation methane gas
(2013) Toleuhanov, Amankeldy; Kaltaev, Ajdarhan; Panfilov, Mihail Borisovič
In the case of producing large amounts of hydrogenous gas, currently there are no problems related to basic techniques of hydrogen production and distribution, but the main technological problem will consists of storing it in order to regulate the difference between permanent or increasing gas production and seasonally modulated gas consumption. The most efficient and most inexpensive method of storing large amounts of hydrogen is to inject them in geological formations like aquifers, depleted gas reservoirs, or salt caverns (Zittel and Wurster 1996). The cost is of order $ 3.5 per 1 GJ (Taylor et al. 1986). Several underground storages of hydrogen (USH) or town gas exist in the word, as for instance, Teeside in the UK, in Texas, in Russia, Kiel in Germany, Lobodice in Czechoslovakia, Beynes - an ex-storage in France. During several tens of years the storage of hydrogen was considered as something deja-vu, to be similar to that of natural gas, which is amplified by the chemical inactivity of hydrogen and its very low solvability in groundwater [Bulatov 1979; Carden and Paterson 1979; Lindblom 1985; Paterson 1983]. Nevertheless, quite unusual behaviour of UHS was discovered by in situ monitoring of the gas composition extracted during the cycle »production« which followed the cycle »injection«. These observations (Smigai et al. 1990; Buzek et al. 1994) revealed high variations of gas composition in time and space. In particular, a significant reduction in the $H_2$ and $CO_2$ contents and a simultaneous increase in $CH_4$ contents were observed in the Lobodice town gas storage facility (Smigai et al. 1990). Similar phenomena were recorded in Beynes. After several months of injection and storage, at the beginning of the cycle »production« the twofold increase of the methane contents in the reservoir gas and the twofold reduction of the $CO_2$ $CO$ contents was observed. The contents of hydrogen decreased by 1.4. The explanation to these observations has been done in (Buzek et al. 1994) in terms of the in situ methane generators by methanogenic bacteria which catalyse the reaction between hydrogen and $CO_2$/$CO$, by producing methane and water. Further observations have revealed even more unusual effects within the storage facility, such as creating a spatial alternation of the areas saturated preferably by hydrogen or methane. This proved an in situ natural separation of chemical components in space. Thus, we are dealing with a natural reactor which partially destroys $CO_2$ and $H_2$ and doubles the mass of methane. It is clear that the problem is important for industry as it concerns both the energy sector and ecology. The resulting economical efficiency of such a process can be estimated only after the physical and mathematical modeling of all possible scenarios of the reservoir behaviour. The development of such a model represents the main objective of this paper.
Access status: Open Access ,
The effect of hydrogen transported through a gas pipeline on the functioning of gas compression station work
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2017) Zabrzeski, Łukasz; Janusz, Piotr; Liszka, Krystian; Łaciak, Mariusz; Szurlej, Adam
The production of hydrogen based on excess electricity and transporting it by pipeline as a mixture with natural gas may be an excellent completion of an energy system. When dealing with gas transmission over long distances, gas compression stations become an integral part of the natural gas grid, providing desired pressure of this source of power in pipes. In this paper the effect that hydrogen admixture has on the main parameters of the operation of gas compression stations was described.
Access status: Open Access ,
Thermodynamic analysis of hydrogen pipeline transportation – selected aspects
(2016) Włodek, Tomasz; Łaciak, Mariusz; Kurowska, Katarzyna; Węgrzyn, Łukasz
Nowadays we can observe an increasing seek for a new alternatives for the sources and devices of energy storage. One of those sources is hydrogen which can be used in process of energy storage (analogous for compressed air). Hydrogen energy storage facility (in most cases – salt caverns) is often located at long distance from hydrogen source. Due to high amount of hydrogen to be transported transport by tank trucks must be rejected because of its low efficiency. The optimal way of hydrogen transport is pipeline transportation. Hydrogen can be transported by pipeline as a pure fluid or as a component in natural gas mixture. The main target of this paper is the thermodynamic analysis of hydrogen pipeline transportation as a pure fluid or as component of natural gas. Provided analysis includes pressure drop and temperature changes for different assumed cases of hydrogen pipeline transport.
Access status: Restricted ,
Wodór jako sposób magazynowania energii wyprodukowanej w systemach konwencjonalnych oraz w OZE – przegląd i analiza wybranych metod
(Data obrony: 2018-01-23) Malicki, Tomasz
Wydział Geologii, Geofizyki i Ochrony Środowiska
W pracy przybliżono obecną sytuację energetyki odnawialnej oraz zaznaczono aktualne kierunki jej rozwoju. Wymieniono przykładowe zastosowania wodoru jako źródła energii wykorzystywane na dzień dzisiejszy. Następnie opisano wymienione możliwości pozyskiwania tego surowca, zarówno konwencjonalne jak i niekonwencjonalne, ze szczególnym podkreśleniem najważniejszego z punktu widzenia odnawialnych źródeł energii sposobu – elektrolizy. W dalszej części pracy omówiono stosowane sposoby magazynowania wodoru, jakie można wykorzystywać w celach gromadzenia energii. W pracy zaznaczono szczególne znaczenie wodoru w rozwoju energetyki odnawialnych źródeł energii.
Access status: Restricted ,
Wytwarzanie i magazynowanie wodoru jako metoda akumulacji energii z OZE
(Data obrony: 2017-01-19) Żuchowicz, Marek
Wydział Geologii, Geofizyki i Ochrony Środowiska
Celem pracy jest analiza współcześnie dostępnych technologii wytarzania wodoru pod kątem wykorzystania przy jego syntezie OZE oraz przegląd metod magazynowania wodoru. Szczególnej analizie zostały poddane sprawność, bariery termiczne oraz ograniczenia techniczne poszczególnych procesów. Przy charakterystyce każdej technologii odwołano się zarówno do teorii, jak i wyników przeprowadzonych eksperymentów. Podsumowanie zawiera kompleksowe zestawienie i analizę rozwoju wybranych metod syntezy oraz magazynowania wodoru.