Browsing by Subject "metals"

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Analiza przestrzennego zróżnicowania zanieczyszczeń osadów jeziornych pierwiastkami metalicznymi w zależności od typu osadów i ich głębokości
(Data obrony: 2016-07-01) Starzak, Elżbieta
Wydział Geologii, Geofizyki i Ochrony Środowiska
Analizie poddane zostały osady denne jeziora Wigry, pod kątem zanieczyszczenia wybranymi pierwiastkami metalicznymi ($Fe$, $Mn$, $Zn$, $Cd$, $Cr$, $Cu$, $Mg$, $Pb$) w zależności od typu osadów i ich głębokości. Analizę oparto na zbiorze danych zawierającej lokalizację punktów pomiarowych, wyniki badań geochemicznych pobranych próbek, wykorzystano również narzędzia programu ArcMap. Wyniki analizy potwierdziły, że koncentracje metali w osadach dennych zależą od typu osadów oraz składu ziarnowego. Wyższe koncentracje pierwiastków pojawiły się w osadach rzeczno-jeziornych i gytii węglanowej, mniejsze w kredzie jeziornej. Najwyższą zawartość wykazały: żelazo, mangan i cynk. W strefach przybrzeżnych jeziora odnotowano znacznie niższą akumulację metali, niż w strefach głębszych. Znaczący wpływ na zanieczyszczenie jeziora mają również czynniki przestrzenne, szczególnie odległości od ujścia rzeki Czarnej Hańczy i użytków rolnych. Generalnie jezioro Wigry charakteryzuje się średnim zanieczyszczeniem Pb, natomiast pod względem pozostałych badanych metali, można je uznać za niezanieczyszczone.
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Badania historycznych gruntów antropogenicznych w rejonie Starego Krakowa metodami geofizycznymi i geochemicznymi
(Data obrony: 2011-07-20) Łyskowski, Mikołaj
Wydział Geologii, Geofizyki i Ochrony Środowiska
The archeology requires use of several non-invasive and readily available methods in land study. Combination of geochemical and geophysical techniques is a perfect example of efficient tools from Earth sciences fields that help in achieving very good results rapidly. Medieval City moat and Okół moat is an excellent testing ground for application of above mentioned methods from educational as well scientific point of view. Furthermore, moat study offers unique topic for this thesis. Collected data allows designation of the old sewer as well as analysis of environment in which our ancestors lived.
Access status: Open Access ,
Comparative analysis of Helix pomatia L. shells found in soils with varying degrees of contamination (southern Poland)
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2015) Aleksander-Kwaterczak, Urszula; Gołas-Siarzewska, Magdalena
Soil samples and snails – Helix pomatia Linnaeus, 1758 specimens were collected from the region of Małopolska. Research based on soil from this area showed a differentiated degree of environmental contamination, which influenced the composition of elements that build mollusc shells. Concentrations of Pb, Mn, Cd, Fe, Zn and Cu in the snail shells and soil varied between localities. The highest of these concentrations were found in the soil in the city of Cracow. They were higher than those measured in the regions outside the city, 7 times in the case of Cd, and up to 123 times higher for Cu. Positive association between soil pollution and shell contamination can be observed ($r_{s} \approx$ 0.9). A high concentration of metals in the environment and their bioavailability causes long-term accumulation of these elements in Helix pomatia shells.
Access status: Open Access ,
Geochemistry indices and biotests as useful tools in the assessment of the degree of sediment contamination by metals
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2023) Koniarz, Tomasz; Tarnawski, Marek; Baran, Agnieszka
Ecological and geochemical indicators have been widely accepted as tools with the potential for rapid risk assessment of metal contamination of bottom sediments. In this study we propose a selection of such indicators to characterize the potential ecological risks stemming from metal contamination of the bottom sediments of the Chechło reservoir (S Poland). The Chechło reservoir is located in an area formerly occupied by zinc and lead ore mining and processing industry. High amounts of metals, especially zinc (39.37–4772.00 mg/kg d.m.), cadmium (0.37–21.13 mg/kg d.m.) and lead (4.50–434.49 mg/kg d.m.) have been found in the bottom sediments. Both geochemical (CD – contamination degree) and ecological indices (mean PECQ) were indicative of bottom sediment contamination and their potential toxicity to living organisms. Most of the bottom sediment samples (71%) examined were toxic for Heterocypris incongruens, while only 9% of the samples were toxic to Sinapis alba. However, no significant correlations between the metal content and the response of the test organisms were observed. Correlation and principal component analyses (PCA) showed that silt and clay fractions were the key factors influencing the metal content in the sediments. Our study makes a contribution to building evidence of the need to integrate several indices for the assessment of environmental risks related to the presence of metals in bottom sediments rather than relying on a single one.
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Metale i metaloidy w wodach przeznaczonych do spożycia na terenie miasta Myszków
(Data obrony: 2011-11-02) Doniec, Tomasz
Wydział Geologii, Geofizyki i Ochrony Środowiska
The thesis presents ten selected metals and metalloids contained in drinking water in the area of Myszków town on the basis of the results of laboratory analyses of water samples collected from particular users’ taps as well as from the respective water intakes. The features of the elements and their influence on human health have been described. The area of research has been characterised in terms of geomorphological, hydrographic, geological and hydrogeological conditions. What has also been presented are the conditions of water consumption by a waterworks company and its distribution to final consumers.
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Metale i metaloidy w wodach przeznaczonych do spożycia na terenie zaopatrywanym przez Zakład Uzdatniania Wody „Dłubnia”
(Data obrony: 2011-11-02) Chmiel, Katarzyna
Wydział Geologii, Geofizyki i Ochrony Środowiska
The thesis deals with the occurence of metals and metalloids concentration in drinking water collected from users’ taps. The area and methodology of research together with appropriate legal acts and recommendations have been discusses. The metals and metalloids in question have been described in terms of their occurence in waters and their influence on the human organism. The processes of raw water conditioning leading to its adjustment to consumers’ requirements have been presented. The probability diagrams and maps of spatial arrangement of concentration of the analysed elements have been prepared. The conclusions concerning the analyses results as well as recommendations concerning some possible violations of admissible values have been presented.
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Metale i metaloidy w wodach przeznaczonych do spożycia w Przemyślu
(Data obrony: 2011-10-11) Diawoł, Magdalena
Wydział Geologii, Geofizyki i Ochrony Środowiska
The target of this work was the analyze quality of water intended for human consumption. Water samples were collected of random daytime sampling, then analyzed for metals and metaloids. In this work under consideration was 10 elements: Aluminum, Arsenic, Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, Iron, Manganese, Nickel, Lead, Zinc, which significantly affect water quality both for reasons of health and aesthetic. The analyzed water samples were collected directly from taps residents within the city. Collected and analyzed water was 71 samples. Water intended for consumption in Przemysl, in most meets the requirements on content of metals and metalloids in the water. However, in the case of two metals - iron and lead, in some parts of the city have exceeded the standards.
Access status: Open Access ,
Metals in organs of bottom sediments and aquatic plants of the Ełk River and its tributaries
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2018) Skorbiłowicz, Elżbieta; Skorbiłowicz, Mirosław; Zamojska, Emilia; Wójtowicz, Paulina
The aim of the work was to analyze the content of Ni, Pb and Cd in organs (root, stem, leaf) Typha latifolia L. and Nuphar lutea as well as bottom sediments of the Ełk River and selected tributaries. An attempt was also made to indicate the factors and processes governing the behavior of the investigated metals in the water environment of the examined rivers. The research object was the Ełk River with its three tributaries - the Gawlik River, the Binduga River and the Kuwasy Canal. Samples of bottom sediments, leaves, stems and roots of Typha latifolia L. and Nuphar lutea were collected in August of 2015. The content of metals was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (F-AAS). The results of analyses of sediments and plant material indicate a lack of environmental pollution by nickel (2.58-8.50 mg $\cdot$ kg$^{-1}$) and lead (3.82-15.99 mg $\cdot$ kg$^{-1}$) of the Ełk River and its tributaries whereas the cadmium content ranged from 0.16-0.76 mg $\cdot$ kg$^{-1}$. Nuphar lutea and Typha latifolia L. showed a varied capacity to accumulate nickel (1.20-10.51 mg $\cdot$ kg$^{-1}$) and lead (0.04-14.16 mg $\cdot$ kg$^{-1}$), occurring primarily in the roots. The smallest concentration of nickel and lead was recorded in the stems. The highest concentration of cadmium (2.56 mg $\cdot$ kg$^{-1}$) was noted in the roots and the lowest (0.01 mg $\cdot$ kg) in the leaves. Factor analysis pointed to the processes of mobilizing elements from bottom sediments as a result of pH drop and their uptake by macrophyte roots and sorption processes of metal ions by macrophytes from river waters and their intensive accumulation in bottom sediments.
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Ocena stopnia zanieczyszczenia parków miejskich miejscowości uzdrowiskowych Rabka Zdrój i Wysowa Zdrój
(Data obrony: 2018-09-25) Madeja, Monika
Wydział Geologii, Geofizyki i Ochrony Środowiska
Celem pracy było zbadanie i ocena stopnia zanieczyszczenia środowiska w dwóch miejscowościach uzdrowiskowych w Małopolsce, Rabka Zdrój oraz Wysowa Zdrój. W każdej miejscowości wybrano 3 place zabaw, w których pobrano po 3 próbki gleby, trawy oraz pyłów. Próbki gleby oraz trawy pobrano w kwietniu 2017 roku. Natomiast próbki pyłów pobrano dwukrotnie, pierwszy raz w kwietniu 2017 roku (po sezonie grzewczym), a drugi w październiku 2017 roku (przed sezonem grzewczym). Dwukrotny pobór próbek pyłów, w różnych porach roku miał na celu porównanie zawartości metali w pyłach w zależności od pory roku. W próbkach gleb zbadano odczyn, PEW, skład granulometryczny, mobilność i biodostępność metali oraz zawartość całkowitą metali. W próbkach traw oraz pyłów zbadano zawartość wybranych metali. Na postawie otrzymanych wyników dokonano oceny stopnia zanieczyszczenia w tych miejscowościach.
Access status: Open Access ,
Quality of marks on metals made with the use of the Nd:YAG laser engraving method
(2013) Tuz, Lechosław
The results of the investigation concerning the influence of engraving parameters on the mark quality and material removal rates from panels made by different types of metals by the Q-switched diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser are presented in this paper. Quality of marks is examined by considering readability and durability as the function of material removed and parameters. The parameters under consideration are: the average power, pulse frequency and surface scanning velocity. The results disclosed that laser engraving can be applied in marking metals successfully.
Access status: Open Access ,
Rediscovering old mining activities in the Tatra Mountains
(2013) Pawlikowski, Maciej ; Wróbel, Marta
As part of a student project in cooperation with the Tatra National Park we examined the current state of iron ore, manganese ore and polymetallic ore in a few drifts in the Chochołowska and Kościeliska Valleys. Information about the old mining operations in the Western Tatras do not exist in the minds of tourists. An interesting way to show this history could be preparing and sharing parts of the drifts as geoturistic objects. An alternative solution would be to create a trail of old mining and metallurgy in the Tatras, which could help to increase the knowledge about the geology and mining subject among tourists. A combination of a great mining Tatra history with the attractively designed results of geological survey could be a particularly interesting project.
Access status: Open Access ,
Studies of heavy metal content in bottom sediments and aquatic plants near treated wastewater discharge
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2017) Skorbiłowicz, Mirosław; Skorbiłowicz, Elżbieta; Tarasiuk, Urszula; Falkowska, Mariola
The paper attempts to determine the degree of impact of discharged wastewater from five treatment plants on the Bug River ecosystem and its inflow, the Kamianka. For laboratory tests, samples of bottom sediments and aquatic plants were collected in 2014. The content of heavy metals: Zn, Pb, Ni in bottom sediments and aquatic plants (root, stem, leaf) growing close to the discharge of purified sewage, were analyzed. The amount of metals in the samples was determined applying the AAS method in its flame version. The average content of the metals determined in bottom sediments from the study points located before the treatment plant were Zn – 21.8, Pb – 11.5, Ni – 13.7 mg $\cdot$ kg$^{-1}$. However, the content of these metals was higher in samples from the collection points which were located after the place of purified sewage discharge and amounted to: Zn – 34.3, Pb – 12.2, Ni – 16.9 mg $\cdot$ kg$^{-1}$. The test plants were Acorus calamus L., Nuphar lutea L., Typha angustifolia L. The content of metals in the individual parts of macrophytes (root, stem, leaf) was as follows: Zn > Pb > Ni. In the bottom sediments and aquatic plants of the Bug and Kamianka rivers, a higher content of lead, zinc and nickel was found after the discharge of treated sewage in relation to their content than before discharge, but it was not a threat to the aquatic environment of the watercourses studied. Statistical analysis showed that the amount of sewage discharged to the tested receivers influenced the content of organic matter, zinc and nickel in bottom sediments.
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Właściwości sorpcyjne gleb z terenu aglomeracji miejskiej Rzeszowa
(Data obrony: 2017-09-26) Dorosz, Magdalena
Wydział Geologii, Geofizyki i Ochrony Środowiska
Praca magisterska dotyczyła określenia właściwości sorpcyjnych gleb z terenu aglomeracji miejskiej Rzeszowa. Badania przeprowadzono na czterech próbkach gleb pobranych z różnych miejsc znajdujących się na terenie miasta w celu wyznaczenia w jak dużym stopniu gleby te sorbują oraz zatrzymują zanieczyszczenia, głównie trzy metale tj.: kadm, cynk i ołów. Wykonano oznaczenia parametrów fizykochemicznych, opis makroskopowy, określono skład chemiczny i mineralny oraz sorpcję i desorpcję. Opierając się na wykonanych analizach, stwierdzono, że gleby z terenu miasta Rzeszowa charakteryzują się dobrymi właściwościami sorpcyjnymi, gdyż sorbują one oraz zatrzymują duże ilości badanych metali. Praca została zakończona podsumowaniem oraz wnioskami.
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Wpływ metodyki opróbowania na wyniki oznaczeń niklu w wodach podziemnych i wodach wodociągowych
(Data obrony: 2014-09-15) Górnikiewicz, Agnieszka
Wydział Geologii, Geofizyki i Ochrony Środowiska
The subject of the study is to evaluate the influence of sampling methodology on the results of nickel determination in groundwater and water intended for human consumption and to determine the degree of risk resulting from the presence of nickel in these waters. Groundwater sampling and water intended for human consumption is an important process to analyze their composition. By selecting the correct sampling procedures, appropriate sampling point location and a suitable container is possible to maintain an unchanging composition of the sample. At work shows the results of nickel determination and other metals as well as related substances in samples of water intended for human consumption and groundwater. For the analysis of physico-chemical collected 6 samples of water intended for human consumption and 6 samples of groundwater using various methods of sampling. Based on the obtained results and their interpretation have been analyzed the effect of the sampling methodology and other factors on the determinations of nickel in groundwater and water intended for human consumption.
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Wprowadzenie do nauki o materiałach
(Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej, 2007) Dobrzański, Leszek A.