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Browsing by Subject "mineral commodities"

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  • thumbnail.journal.alt
    Item type:Article, Access status: Open Access ,
    Surowce mineralne oceanów
    (Wydawnictwa AGH, 2011) Piestrzyński, Adam
    The work consists of a mineral deposits characteristics occurring in the World Ocean, based on genetic classification. The following type of the mineral deposits have been discussed: sedimentary biogenic, chemical, and placer as well as hydrothermal types. Localization and an economic importance of all deposits types listed in the text has also been presented.
  • thumbnail.journal.alt
    Item type:Article, Access status: Metadata only ,
    Surowce mineralne z dna mórz i oceanów - stan rozpoznania i perspektywy
    (Wydawnictwa AGH, 2011) Szamałek, Krzysztof; Mizerski, Włodzimierz
    Seabed minerals constitute a possible new source for mineral commodities. Marine mineral resources occur in the bedrocks beneath the ocean floor, the ocean floor itself, in the sea water and in the shallow, coastal zones. The perspective of their extraction is shaped by the following factors: geological, legal, technical, technological, environmental and economical. It appears that in spite of years of on-going research, mineral resources of seas and oceans are still known insufficiently. This applies in particular to polymetallic massive sulphides ores, Co-crusts, metalliferous clays or methane gas hydrates. The deposits of crude oil and gas in seas and oceans are still poorly known in the deeper parts of the oceans. Mineral researches of oceans are conducted by several countries (e.g., Russia, US, France, Japan, Germany, South Korea, China, Poland); their activity is regulated and controlled by the International Seabed Authority. The perspective of marine minerals extraction is more imminent in rich, technological advanced countries; having access to the sea in itself is a factor of lesser importance. Underwater geological surveys are costly and can be undertaken only by countries which are characterized by either a strong economy and/or willingness to conduct an active concession policy and close cooperation in managing of measured mineral reserves.