Browsing by Subject "mineralogical composition"

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Access status: Open Access ,
Mineralogical characteristics of the heterolithic formations from the Carpathian Foredeep Miocene sediments, south-eastern Poland
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2022) Przelaskowska, Anna; Zagórska, Urszula; Urbaniec, Andrzej; Łykowska, Grażyna; Klaja, Jolanta; Grela, Jacek; Kędracka, Katarzyna
Heterolithic complexes from the Carpathian Foredeep are a subject of growing attention as many natural gas accumulations of industrial importance have been discovered in such formations during the last decades. The aim of the presented work was to determine lithotypes of different lithology and mineralogical composition in the heterolithic sequences. Individual lithotypes were distinguished of macroscopic observations of cores, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence method (XRF). Preliminary distinction between the lithotypes was based on macroscopic observations of the core samples. Correlation plots between the contents of particular minerals (XRD analyses) and corresponding elements (XRF analyses) were used for verification of the lithotypes distinguished based on macroscopic observations. Swelling properties of the investigated rocks were determined using the cation exchange capacity (CEC) values. The following lithotypes were identified: medium- to fine-grained sandstones, fine- to very fine-grained sandstones, clayey sandstones, sand-dominated heteroliths, heteroliths with approx. equal proportions of sandstones and mudstones, mud-dominated heteroliths, mudstones, clayey shales. Such division provides a basis for precise petrophysical characterization of the analyzed profiles, that is assignment of particular petrophysical parameters values to individual lithotypes. More reliable petrophysical parameters in the geophysical interpretation of heterolithic sequences allow for a more precise determination of zones characterized by good reservoir parameters.
Access status: Open Access ,
The mineralogy, geochemistry and health risk assessment of deposited particulate matter (PM) in Kraków, Poland
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2016) Gruszecka-Kosowska, Agnieszka; Wdowin, Magdalena
One of the most important air contaminants in Krakow is particulate matter (PM), especially during winter months. Deposited PM was sampled between November 2014 and January 2015 and November 2015 and January 2016. The PM deposition amounted to 0.0646 g/m$^{2}$ per day in the centre of Krakow and 0.0328 g/m$^{2}$ in the northern district of the city. The allowed value of annual dust deposits (0.547 g/m$^{2}$ per day) was not exceeded. The XRD and SEM-EDS analysis showed that quartz, calcite, potassium feldspar, plagioclase, kaolinite, and gypsum were the main mineralogical components of the deposited PM. Only in a few samples were illite, dolomite, and apatite observed. Significant concentrations were measured (ICP-MS) for Ca, Fe, Mg, Al, K, Si, Na, and Mn, and high concentrations for Ti, Cu, Zn, As, Pb, Cr, Ti, V, Li, Sr and Ni. The highest estimated daily intakes (EDI) for resuspended PM, were stated for ingestion exposure pathway than for dermal contact, and finally for inhalation, both for children and adults, as well as, for carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic elements. The mean hazard quotient (HQ) values for all three exposure pathways decreased in the following order: Fe > Al > Zn > Mn > Sr > Cu > Ba > Cr > Pb > V > Ni > Li > As > Sn > Zr > Co > Cd > Be, for children and adults. The hazard index values for all elements in each exposure pathway (HI$_{elem}$) and for single elements in all exposure pathways (HI$_{path}$) were <1, both for children and adults. The risk values from all three exposure pathways were unacceptable in the case of Cr, both for children and adults, and in the case of As for children. The total non-carcinogenic risk (HI$_{total}$) values in all three exposure pathways for all elements were <1, however in case of children the risk value pointed to a low risk level. The total carcinogenic risk (R$_{total}$) values in all three exposure pathways for As and Cr exceeded the acceptable level, both for children and adults.