Browsing by Subject "pipelines"

Now showing 1 - 11 of 11

Access status: Open Access ,
Application of pipelines made with Thermoflex® technology for natural gas and carbon dioxide transportation
(2013) Włodek, Tomasz; Ławski, Łukasz
The main issue related to pipeline transportation of hydrocarbons (natural gas, oil) and chemical substances (e.g. carbon dioxide) is to get the best transportation efficiency, taking into account economic and technological aspects. The paper presents the possibility of using pipelines made with the Thermoflex® technology for the transportation of natural gas and carbon dioxide. Pipelines made with this technology can be used for transportation of natural gas from wellsites to natural gas mines installations. Thermoflex pipeline time of instalation is shorter compared to steel pipeline, this issue has great significance in the perspective of future exploitation of natural gas from unconventional reservoirs in Poland. Pipes made using this technology with new polymeric materials are characterized by much lower pressure drop along the pipeline compared to the steel pipelines, much higher maximum operating pressure range compared to polyethylene pipes, better thermal insulation compared to steel, high corrosion resistance and lower installation and operating costs. This paper presents the construction of the pipelines made using Thermoflex® technology, possibilities of applications and comparative examples of simulations of pressure drop and temperature for steel pipelines and made with Thermoflex® technology for the transport of natural gas and carbon dioxide.
Access status: Open Access ,
Kopalnie ropy w Iraku
(1934) Bielski, Zygmunt
Access status: Open Access ,
Monitoring methods of technical state of oil and gas pipelines
(2006) Savula, Stepan; Banahevič, Ûrij; Dragilev, Andriej; Kičma, Andriej
A method of assessing the state of stresses in welded joints of pipelines with the use of numerical-experimental diagnostics is presented in the paper. Recommendations for engineers are formulated on the basis of the experimental results.
Access status: Open Access ,
Oddziaływanie osuwisk na gazociągi
(2006) Wilk, Stanisław; Galas, Marek; Mijal, Marek
If a gas pipeline has been deposited in an inclined ground and owing to the changed ground properties the creeping ground process started during exploitation, the conditions of gas pipeline exploitation radically change too. With time, the load exerted by the creeping ground on the gas pipeline increases, causing increased stresses in the pipe material. This results in a change of the gas pipeline axis and more prominent deformations in the pipeline material.
Access status: Open Access ,
Oil pipeline leak detection using GPR method - simple case study
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2018) Fąfara, Zbigniew; Lewandowska-Śmierzchalska, Joanna; Matuła, Rafał
Modelling experiment was used to investigate the abilities of using ground penetrating radar (GPR) to detect oil leaks in the underground pipeline system. Leaks not only waste precious natural resources but also create substantial damage to the transportation system within urban environments. Surface geophysical methods are noninvasive tools used to characterize the changes in the physical properties of the subsurface material. This characterization, in consequence, is used to interpret the geological and hydrogeological conditions of the strata. GPR is a reflection-based technique which uses high frequency electromagnetic waves to acquire subsurface information. GPR responds to changes in electrical properties, which are a function of soil and rock material and moisture content. A simple experiment was conducted to determine the validity and effectiveness of GPR technology in detecting leakage in metal pipelines. Initially, a prototype model was designed to simulate a pipe leak. A 1.5 GHz antenna modeling mode was used to collect GPR data. The test was modelled using sandy soil material that is representative for pipelines construction. Also model simulations are being used to select an appropriate equipment configuration (frequency band, type of antenna and real-time imaging software) prior to data acquisition.
Access status: Open Access ,
Przebudowa gazociągów posadowionych w gruntach niestabilnych (grunty nawodnione, torfowiska, bagna)
(2009) Wilk, Stanisław; Galas, Marek; Mijal, Marek
This paper presents process of analysis of the conception and planning solutions as well as field measurements for the DN 700 gas pipeline, characterized by high pressure, carried out in Ruda Łańcucka. Reconstructed pipeline had been located on extremely unsteady, heavily watered ground. Article covers implementation process of the reconstruction.
Access status: Open Access ,
Recent developments of non-direct methods of pipeline and leak detection
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2018) Fąfara, Zbigniew; Lewandowska-Śmierzchalska, Joanna; Matuła, Rafał; Lewińska, Paulina
Industrial pipelines are used as a low-cost method of transport of various types of substances. In the last decades the number of transmission and distribution pipelines increased considerably, leading to an increased number of failures and rising the need for better and more accurate non-destructive methods of their detection and prevention. Leakage in pipeline networks causes a loss of valuable resources in the form of oil and gas. Repairing the infrastructure requires significant additional financial resources. Therefore, any damage to the pipeline network must be detected and repaired as soon as possible. Indirect methods for leak detection and localization uncover the presents of leaks from outside the pipeline by visual observation or by using appropriate equipment. Pipelines are often underground installations or run for many kilometers in areas where there are no roads, and access is extremely difficult or impossible. The underground occurrence of pipelines makes regular inspection difficult. It is also not possible to examine all pipeline sections simultaneously. Pipeline preventive maintenance or replacement program should be conducted based on detailed assessment of its technical and environmental conditions. Thus, safe and non-destructive techniques are needed, which would allow for pipeline periodical inspection without disturbing their operation.
Access status: Open Access ,
The calculation of distorsion in a gas pipeline in the overcrossing area
(2006) Frăţilă, Marcu; Sofonea, Galaftion
The proper execution, exploitation and maintenance of pipelines used for the transport of natural gases requires a detailed knowledge both of the phenomena which appear during exploitation, as well as of the causes which led to them. The goal of the current paper is to analyse the behaviour and the loading mode of the pipeline for the transport of methane gas in the crossing area. After executing the pipeline section from the river crossing area, a raising of the pipeline from the support pillars has been noticed. The analysis of the deformation mode of the pipeline section, of the efforts and stresses has been carried out using the analytical calculation method.
Access status: Open Access ,
The geopolitics of Gazprom’s pipelines
(2016) Kosowska, Katarzyna; Kosowski, Piotr
The natural gas market over the years has been strongly dependent on pipeline transport and based on it a gas market was created and functioned. For this reason, unlikely to the oil market, the global gas market was not created and did not function, but only national, regional and continental markets separated from the others functioned. The consequence of this situation is the fact that the key importers of Russian gas abroad are the CIS and European countries. The Kremlin hiding behind Gazprom has consistently pursued a policy of diversification of export transmission system, designed to eliminate “problematic” transit countries such as Ukraine. That aim can be accomplished by completed and planned pipelines’ diversification projects.
Access status: Open Access ,
The retrograde condensation problem in natural gas pipeline transportation system
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2017) Włodek, Tomasz
Natural gas prepared for pipeline transportation must have appropriate parameters described in norms and standards. This entails a restrictive approach to acceptable changes in the composition of the natural gas in pipeline transmission system. The greater number of entry points to the pipeline transmission system causes a greater probability of natural gas diversity in terms of the content of its individual components. It particularly concerns the natural gas sources in which treatment methods are not sufficiently accurate and also imported gas. In specific cases where natural gas with a higher content of heavier hydrocarbons such as propane and butane will enter the transportation system, it is possible for the phenomenon of retrograde (reverse) condensation to occur. The occurrence of the two-phase system significantly worsens the pipeline transport conditions, causing significant pressure drops of transported natural gas. The article examines cases where the phenomenon of retrograde (reverse) condensation occurred in the pipeline transportation of natural gas.
Access status: Open Access ,
Wybrane aspekty techniczne rurociągowego transportu dwutlenku węgla
(2012) Włodek, Tomasz
Pozyskiwanie energii z węgla wiąże się z coraz większymi wyzwaniami w świetle światowych trendów związanych z ograniczeniem emisji dwutlenku węgla jako jednego z tzw. gazów cieplarnianych. Jednym ze sposobów redukcji emisji $CO_{2}$ jest wdrożenie technologii jego wychwytywania i geologicznego składowania. Podstawowym i integralnym etapem całego łańcucha technologii CCS łączącym wychwyt i składowanie jest transport dwutlenku węgla. Transport dużych ilości $CO_{2}$ (rzędu 2-10 MtCO$_{2}$/rok) na dużą odległość jest ekonomicznie uzasadniony tylko za pomocą rurociągów. Technicznie dwutlenek węgla może być transportowany w stanie nadkrytycznym oraz jako ciecz w warunkach ciśnienia nadkrytycznego. Położenie punktu krytycznego $CO_{2}$ (Pc = 7,38 MPa, Tc = 31,1 stopni Celsjusza) sugeruje przesył w zakresie bardzo wysokich ciśnień (8-15 MPa). Dodatkowo w przypadku utrzymywania stanu nadkrytycznego na całej długości rurociągu wymagane jest utrzymanie wysokiej temperatury, co jest bardzo energochłonne, wskazane jest także zastosowanie izolacji termicznej rurociągu, co dodatkowo zwiększa nakłady inwestycyjne. Natomiast opory przepływu transportowanego $CO_{2}$ w fazie ciekłej są znacznie mniejsze. W artykule przedstawione zostaną podstawowe założenia projektowe rurociągowego transportu $CO_{2}$, takich jak: wybór trasy, dobór średnicy rurociągu, wymagania materiałowe oraz koncepcje układów technologicznych. Przedstawione zostaną także wyniki symulacji przepływu strumienia dwutlenku węgla dla kilku odrębnych przypadków: stałego wydatku masowego, stałej średnicy rurociągu, zmiennego składu strumienia $CO_{2}$ oraz analizy zmian temperatury transportowanego dwutlenku węgla.