Browsing by Subject "pyrolysis"

Now showing 1 - 11 of 11

Access status: Open Access ,
Biomass thermochemical conversion via pyrolysis with integrated CO2 capture
(2020) Sieradzka, Małgorzata; Gao, Ningbo; Quan, Cui; Mlonka-Mędrala, Agata; Magdziarz, Aneta
Wydział Inżynierii Metali i Informatyki Przemysłowej
The presented work is focused on biomass thermochemical conversion with integrated $CO_{2}$ capture. The main aim of this study was the in-depth investigation of the impact of pyrolysis temperature (500, 600 and 700 °C) and $CaO$ sorbent addition on the chemical and physical properties of obtained char and syngas. Under the effect of the pyrolysis temperature, the properties of biomass chars were gradually changed, and this was confirmed by examination using thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and porosimetry methods. The chars were characterised by a noticeable carbon content (two times at 700 °C) resulting in a lower O/C ratio. The calculated combustion indexes indicated the better combustible properties of chars. In addition, structural morphology changes were observed. However, the increasing pyrolysis temperature resulted in changes of solid products; the differences of char properties were not significant in the range of 500 to 700 °C. Syngas was analysed using a gas chromatograph. The following main components were identified: $CO$, $CO_{2}$, $CH_{4}$, $H_{2}$ and $C_{2}H_{4}$, $C_{2}H_{6}$, $C_{3}H_{6}$, $C_{3}H_{8}$. A significant impact of $CaO$ on $CO_{2}$ adsorption was found. The concentration of $CO_{2}$ in syngas decreased with increased temperature, and the highest decrease occurred in the presence of $CaO$ from above 60% to below 30% at 600 °C.
Access status: Open Access ,
Dehydrochlorination of polyvinyl chloride and co-pyrolysis with maize cob: Insight into product composition and thermal behaviour
(2025) Jerzak, Wojciech; Magdziarz, Aneta
Wydział Inżynierii Metali i Informatyki Przemysłowej
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) waste can be a good candidate as feedstock for co-pyrolysis with biomass. However, the high chlorine content in PVC pyrolysis products constitutes a barrier to their use. One way to eliminate chlorine from PVC is dehydrochlorination. This study explores the co-pyrolysis of maize cob with dehydrochlorinated PVC, focusing on product yields, chlorine distribution, and thermal interactions. Virgin PVC was dehydrochlorinated at 593 K, achieving 99 % chlorine removal, and its thermal behaviour was assessed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). For the three heating rates studied: 5, 10 and 30 K/min, HCl was the main compound released up to 593 K. Lab-scale co-pyrolysis experiments were conducted in a fixed-bed reactor at 873 K with varying biomass-to-PVC mass ratios. Increasing the PVC content enhanced oil yield and aromatic compound formation, slightly increased char carbon content, and redistributed chlorine predominantly into the oil phase. The gas phase was enriched with hydrocarbons such as methane, ethene, and ethane. The results indicate that dehydrochlorinated PVC alters biomass pyrolysis pathways, promoting deoxygenation reactions and reducing char formation. These findings provide insights into optimizing co-pyrolysis conditions for improved product quality, demonstrating the potential of dehydrochlorinated PVC as a carbon-rich additive for thermochemical biomass conversion.
Access status: Restricted ,
Fuel from waste - catalytic degradation of plastic waste to liquid fuels
(Data obrony: 2014-03-28) Ćwik, Agnieszka
Wydział Energetyki i Paliw
Access status: Open Access ,
Future-oriented waste management technology for Ward-6, Bogura, Bangladesh - a step towards sustainability
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2022) Dinnar, Sajjad Hossain; Islam, Shobnom; Singh, Manpreet; Gaba, Rishab
Rapid urbanization combined with high economic growth, industrialization, and changes in socio-economic conditions increase the quantity of municipal solid waste. Cities located in South-Asia are facing serious issues due to waste, with countries like India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan top of the list of bad waste management. The increasing generation of solid waste and also the improper management of waste in Bangladesh leads to environmental degradation. Current waste management practice in Bangladesh is so weak that day by day it is harming the climate and creating a lot of unwanted situations. This research consists of an examination of the current administrative measures and presents another proposition for the executive cycle to decrease ecological contamination. The research study aims to decrease the amount of waste being dumped into municipal sanitary landfill sites & converting the waste into energy which is both financially and environmentally suitable by involving unemployed people in the management system. The results of this study will give an idea of how waste can be utilized as a resource and how this resource can be a capital good as well as how the local level problems can be solved by taking some strategies and making our environment suitable for future generations.
Access status: Open Access ,
Laboratory analysis of rubber wastes in order to their utilization in energy sector
(2013) Budzyń, Stanisław; Jakóbiec, Janusz; Tora, Barbara; Żmuda, Wiesław Andrzej
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badania produktów pirolizy granulatu z odpadów gumowych (opon). Proces pirolizy był prowadzony w temperaturze 450, 500, 550 i 600 stopni Celsjusza. Określono uzyski produktów pirolizy (karbonizat, olej i gaz). Określono właściwości fizykochemiczne produktów oraz skład chemiczny popiołu po ich spaleniu. Przedstawiono możliwości wykorzystania produktów pirolizy.
Access status: Open Access ,
Marine plastic waste management according to circular economy concept through the interdisciplinary and international cooperation
Magdziarz, Aneta; Wang, Jiawei; Wu, Chunfei; Sullivan, James; Mlonka-Mędrala, Agata
Wydział Inżynierii Metali i Informatyki Przemysłowej
Global plastic production is currently at a rate of 200,000 tonnes per year, and it is projected to increase to 33 billion tonnes per year by 2050. Approximately 10% of the plastic produced ends up in the seas and oceans. Plastic pollution in marine and coastal environments is a growing concern worldwide. Sources of this waste include shipping transportation, coastal tourism, marine aquaculture, and fishing. It is estimated that at least 14 million tonnes of plastic enter the oceans and seas annually. Furthermore, beach litter, which often consists of plastic packaging, lids, bottles, and cigarette butts, poses significant challenges. The G20 countries signed an Action Plan on Marine Litter in Germany in 2017, recognizing the urgent need to prevent and reduce marine litter to preserve human health as well as marine and coastal ecosystems. This highlights the need to reduce the amount of plastic waste in the sea, ocean, and coasts and find solutions to manage the existing waste. Proper management of marine waste can help stop the flow of waste in line with a closed-loop economy. Reducing and stopping plastic waste from reaching the oceans is crucial for achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The CUPOLA project is the international, interdisciplinary, and intersectoral research and innovation project aiming to find solutions to this global problem. The main goal of the CUPOLA project is to establish long-term research cooperation between institutions with complementary expertise to design and develop carbon-neutral, scalable, and socially acceptable methods to sort and convert plastic waste into valuable chemicals and materials. The originality of CUPOLA lies in the collaborative network among experimentalists, theoreticians, and industrialists. Key technologies in the project include waste sorting and pre-treatment methods. Novel pneumatic systems are developed for the separation of waste plastics, effectively separating the plastic waste into PET-rich, PO-rich, and PA-rich streams. The successful separation of plastic waste is crucial for the subsequent mechanical and chemical recycling processes. Thermochemical processes such as catalytic pyrolysis, catalytic gasification, aminolysis, and hydrothermal carbonization are applied to convert feedstocks into valuable chemicals and materials. For instance, the PET-rich stream will be transformed into bitumen additives through aminolysis, while the polyolefin-rich stream will be converted to benzene, toluene, and xylenes (BTX) via catalytic pyrolysis, and to H2 and carbon nanotubes through catalytic gasification. The project will involve process modeling, techno-economic analysis, and life cycle assessment to provide essential information about the economic viability and environmental impact of these processes. Additionally, renewable energy sources and carbon capture technologies will be integrated into the final design of the CUPOLA processes to ensure carbon neutrality. This project has the potential to bring together a wide range of research and industry groups in chemistry, chemical engineering, civil engineering, mechanical engineering, environmental science, and computer science to collaborate on the recycling of marine plastic waste. The success of the project will contribute to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 3, 12, and 14 by reducing plastic pollution in the oceans and converting waste into value-added products.
Access status: Restricted ,
Pyrolysis and combustion kinetics of refuse derived fuel and ash characterization
(Data obrony: 2017-05-10) Tomasik, Andrii
Wydział Energetyki i Paliw
Access status: Open Access ,
Pyrolysis of agricultural waste biomass towards production of gas fuel and high-quality char. Experimental and numerical investigations
(2021) Mlonka-Mędrala, Agata; Evangelopoulos, Panagiotis; Sieradzka, Małgorzata; Zajemska, Monika; Magdziarz, Aneta
Wydział Inżynierii Metali i Informatyki Przemysłowej
Biomass wastes are sustainable, renewable, and promising energy sources. In this study, the pyrolysis of agricultural biomass was investigated to determine the most promising process parameters for pyrolytic gas production. The pyrolysis investigations were carried out under nitrogen atmosphere at 300, 400, 500, and 600 °C on the microscale using simultaneous thermal analysis and a laboratory-scale semi-batch vertical reactor. The solid, liquid, and gaseous products were characterised in detail, including the elemental and chemical composition. The gas and liquid products analyses were provided. It was found that the quality of the pyrolytic gas increased with temperature, both in terms of the pyrolytic gas yield and concentration of gaseous components (hydrogen and methane), whereas the carbon dioxide concentration decreased with temperature. The condensed vapours were rich in phenolic and aromatic compounds, and it was noted that the acetic acid concentration increased with temperature. The chemical functional groups in the char were determined using infrared spectroscopy. The carbon content increased with temperature, whereas the hydrogen content decreased. Further decomposition of the organic matrix was observed with increasing temperature. Additionally, chemical modelling of pyrolytic gas was performed using Ansys Chemkin-Pro software and compared with the experimental results. The computational results showed a good correlation with the measured pyrolytic gas composition, especially in the case of the major gas components.
Access status: Open Access ,
Pyrolysis of biomass wastes into carbon materials
(2022) Sieradzka, Małgorzata; Kirczuk, Cezary; Kalemba-Rec, Izabela; Mlonka-Mędrala, Agata; Magdziarz, Aneta
Wydział Inżynierii Metali i Informatyki Przemysłowej
This study presents the results of the biomass pyrolysis process focusing on biochar production and its potential energetic (as solid fuel) and material (as adsorbent) applications. Three kinds of biomass waste were investigated: wheat straw, spent coffee grounds, and brewery grains. The pyrolysis process was carried out under nitrogen atmosphere at 400 and 500 °C (residence time of 20 min). A significant increase in the carbon content was observed in the biochars, e.g., from 45% to 73% (at 400 °C) and 77% (at 500 °C) for spent coffee grounds. In addition, the structure and morphology were investigated using scanning electron microscopy. Thermal properties were studied using a simultaneous thermal analysis under an oxidising atmosphere. The chemical activation was completed using KOH. The sorption properties of the obtained biochars were tested using chromium ion $(Cr^{3+})$ adsorption from liquid solution. The specific surface area and average pore diameter of each sample were determined using the BET method. Finally, it was found that selected biochars can be applied as adsorbent or a fuel. In detail, brewery grains-activated carbon had the highest surface area, wheat straw-activated carbon adsorbed the highest amount of $Cr^{3+}$, and wheat straw chars presented the best combustion properties.
Access status: Restricted ,
Pyrolysis of plastic using montmorillonite-based catalysts
(Data obrony: 2015-12-18) Ligenzowska, Dorota
Wydział Energetyki i Paliw
Access status: Open Access ,
Valorisation of tyre waste from a vulcanisation plant by catalytic pyrolysis – Experimental investigations using pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and drop-tube–fixed-bed reactor
(2024) Jerzak, Wojciech; Wądrzyk, Mariusz; Sieradzka, Małgorzata; Magdziarz, Aneta
Wydział Inżynierii Metali i Informatyki Przemysłowej
This study focuses on the use of car tyre waste collected at a tyre repair station in Krakow (Poland). Waste from damaged tyres is disposed of as municipal solid waste. Therefore, the management of waste tyres already shredded by pyrolysis at 500 °C has been proposed. Tyre waste was hypothesised to be converted into valuable chemical products by pyrolysis in a hybrid reactor (drop-tube–fixed-bed reactor). On a micro scale, pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was used to analyse the pyrolysis process. It has been shown that the formation of aromatic hydrocarbons during pyrolysis clearly depends on whether the catalyst and tyre waste are mixed together or arranged in layers. Since the layered arrangement favoured the formation of hydrocarbons, such a system was used in the drop-tube–fixed-bed reactor. The high heating rate (500 °C/s) of tyre particles in the drop-tube–fixed-bed reactor at 500 °C allowed for the obtained a raw carbon black yield of 40.8 %. A similar yield of raw carbon black determined by thermogravimetric analysis for a heating rate of 0.17 °C/s) was observed at 800 °C. However, before commercial use, raw carbon black requires demineralisation because of its high ash content (approximately 50 %). The raw carbon black ash contained up to 90 % $SiO_{2}$, indicating that it could be a valuable catalyst material. Pyrolysis of tyre waste over the catalyst reduced the oxygen content in the oil and yield. The oil yields of tyre pyrolysis without a catalyst and over zeolite Y were 38 wt% and 35 wt%, respectively. The main components identified in the tyre pyrolysis gas were methane (27.6%), ethene (28.8%), and hydrogen (15.6%). The gas from catalytic pyrolysis was richer in CO and $CO_{2}$.