Browsing by Subject "recycling"

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Badanie własności wybranych odpadów z hutnictwa pod kątem możliwości ich wykorzystania
(Data obrony: 2017-07-06) Czarnota, Adrianna
Wydział Geologii, Geofizyki i Ochrony Środowiska
Przemysł hutniczy dostarcza różnego rodzaju, znacznych ilości odpadów, których utylizacja stwarza często wiele problemów. Do niedawna powstające odpady były gromadzone na zwałowiskach, natomiast w chwili obecnej zdecydowana większość powstających odpadów hutniczych jest wykorzystywana gospodarczo, głównie w budownictwie i drogownictwie. Ciągle poszukuje się nowych kierunków zagospodarowania dla tych odpadów. Wykorzystanie odpadów wymaga ich szczegółowego przebadania w celu poznania składu fazowego i chemicznego. W tym celu przebadano odpady po hutnictwie: rud niklu (żużel z ZGH „Szklary”), rud żelaza (mułki zgorzelinowe z ArcelorMittal Poland w Dąbrowie Górniczej), a także odpady cynkonośne (żużel z przerobu pyłów stalowniczych z Bolesław Recycling Sp. z o.o.) Przeprowadzono badania w/w odpadów i w oparciu o normy oraz dane literaturowe, przeanalizowano je. Wskazano najlepsze możliwe kierunki zagospodarowania badanych odpadów, a także zasugerowano poszerzenie badań dla wskazanych niektórych kierunków.
Access status: Open Access ,
Collection and recycling of spent nickel and lithium batteries and accumulators in Poland
(2016) Rudnik, Ewa
The European Union has established strict requirements for the recycling of spent batteries and accumulators. In Poland, this waste is currently recycled pyrometallurgically solely for Cd, Zn, Pb and ferronickel recovery. However, waste cells (Ni-Cd, Ni-MH, Li-ion) represent a source of strategic metals (Ni, Co, Li). This paper shows an analysis of the market and applications of nickel and Li-ion batteries as well as current state of domestic collection and recycling of spent cells.
Access status: Open Access ,
Disposing end of life PV modules – reusing, recycling and upcycling
(28-11-2023) Padhamnath, Pradeep; Ślęzak, Marta; Karbowniczek, Mirosław
Wydział Inżynierii Metali i Informatyki Przemysłowej
The exponential growth of photovoltaic (PV) installations is an important and desirable element in the global response to climate change. Increased use of PV panels for energy production would also lead to enormous volumes of PV waste that need to be dealt with in an environmentally responsible manner. Crystalline silicon (c-Si) technology commands more than 95% share of the solar PV industry. The growing amounts of silicon PV panel waste present new environmental and waste management challenges. The issue has been acknowledged and some recycling processes have been developed. However, the complexity of the recycling process is one of the prime reasons hindering their large-scale implementation and growth of the PV panels recycling industry. In this paper we present a review of the existing processes of recycling of end-of-life PV panels and propose a new possible use of recycled silicon from the end-of-life c-Si PV panels.
Access status: Open Access ,
Electrohydraulic fragmentation processing enabling separation and recovery of all components in end-of-life silicon photovoltaic panels
(2025) Padhamnath, Pradeep; Nalluri, Srinath; Kuśmierczyk, Filip; Kopyściański, Mateusz; Karbowniczek, Joanna; Leow, Shin Woei; Reindl, Thomas
Wydział Inżynierii Metali i Informatyki Przemysłowej
The exponential increased use of PV panels for energy production would also lead to enormous volumes of PV waste that need to be dealt with in an environmentally responsible manner. In this work we present experimental results for recycling crystalline silicon (c-Si) PV panels using recently developed electrohydraulic shock wave-based fragmentation of PV panels. The electrohydraulic fragmentation process allows for the efficient delamination of the modules and subsequent recovery of almost all valuable materials used in the manufacturing of PV panels, without thermally decomposing the polymers and eliminates creation of any toxic or hazardous waste during the process. We study the impact of the type of panel, size of the feed material and process duration on the quantity and quality of material recovered after the process.
Access status: Open Access ,
Evaluation of interfacial tension in the liquid aluminum alloy-liquid slag system
(2017) Suchora-Kozakiewicz, Magdalena; Jackowski, Jacek
In the present paper, the results from investigations regarding interfacial tensions present at the borders of a liquid aluminum alloy and two selected melted fluxes (mixtures of salts) are presented. The fluxes feature solidification characteristic curves that are very close to each other as well as differentiated chemical compositions. For the comparative investigations, the so-called surface property index (WS) is calculated for both fluxes with the use of the ion theory of slags. The investigations of the interfacial tensions were conducted on a stand that enabled the measurement of the force values accompanying the tearing-off of the probe from the interfacial surface. A very clear relationship between the interfacial tension values and the WS index values that characterize both fluxes was found. An increase in the WS index value resulted in an increase in the investigated interfacial tension values. It was also found that, in both cases under investigation, an increase in the system temperature value resulted in an increase of the values of the interfacial tensions present within. In the conclusion, we state that the metallurgical treatments (for instance, the recycling of the cast metal composite materials by way of component separation) should be conducted with the use of salt mixtures (fluxes) characterized with WS index and melting temperature values as low as possible.
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Gospodarka odpadami w gminie Lubartów
(Data obrony: 2017-09-27) Szypuła, Filip
Wydział Geologii, Geofizyki i Ochrony Środowiska
W pracy przedstawiono analizę gospodarki odpadami komunalnymi w gminie Miejskiej Lubartów. Omówiono aspekt wytwarzania, pozyskiwania, składowania, odzyskiwania oraz unieszkodliwiania odpadów. w gminie Miejskiej Lubartów za realizacje gospodarki odpadami odpowiedzialne jest Przedsiębiorstwo Gospodarki Komunalnej w Lubartowie oraz Związek Komunalny Gmin Ziemi Lubartowskiej. w pracy przedstawiono oczyszczalnię ścieków, składowisko odpadów komunalnych, produkcję biogazu i metodykę jego wykorzystania. Polska jako kraj członkowski Unii Europejskiej musi realizować postanowienia zawarte w regulacjach prawnych. Zakładają one redukcję strumienia odpadów przez jak największe wykorzystanie w procesach odzysku i recyklingu oraz bezpieczny sposób unieszkodliwiania pozostałości. Gmina Lubartów z tych zobowiązań się wywiązuje.
Access status: Open Access ,
Hydrometallurgical methods of indium recovery from obsolete LCD and LED panels
(2016) Krištofová, Patrícia; Rudnik, Ewa; Miškufová, Andrea
This paper shows a review of literature data on the possibilities of indium recovery from ITO layers of waste LCD and LED displays. A short characterization of indium, its compounds, resources, production, and applications is presented. The structure and operation of LCD displays are shown. A detailed overview of the ITO leaching process is presented. Methods of indium(III) ion separation from the leachate solutions (SX, HoLLE, IX) as well as recovery of the final products (precipitation, cementation, electrowinning) are also shown.
Access status: Open Access ,
Impact of selected parameters on extraction of indium from LCD screens
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2017) Stępień, Michał; Palimąka, Piotr Robert; Bukowska, Andżelika
Due to the minute availability of indium and its crucial importance to the world economy, it is necessary to find alternative sources of this metal. As a large proportion of indium production is consumed for the purpose of LCD screen manufacturing, it seems reasonable to investigate their recycling leading to the recovery of this metal. The present work investigates the impact of time, temperature, and the concentration of sulfuric acid on the effectiveness of indium extraction from milled LCD panel glass scrap originating from portable computers manufactured between 2005 and 2012. The conclusion of our research defines the optimal conditions for extraction.
Access status: Open Access ,
Investigation of Ferrosilicon produced with Si recovered from end-of-life photovoltaic panels
(2025) Kuśmierczyk, Filip; Kopyściański, Mateusz; Rai, Adarsh; Kozieł, Tomasz; Goły, Marcin; Kopia, Agnieszka; Migas, Piotr; Karbowniczek, Mirosław; Padhamnath, Pradeep
Wydział Inżynierii Metali i Informatyki Przemysłowej
Recycling end-of-life (EOL) silicon (Si) PV modules have gathered recent attention from researchers. PV modules can be recycled using a closed loop cycle where the materials recovered are reinjected into the supply chain for producing new modules. However, such solutions are extremely complex, expensive and could lead to further generation of harmful chemicals or emissions. Another way to recycle c-Si PV modules is by using them to produce other commercially important materials, for example ferrosilicon, using an easy and inexpensive route. Ferrosilicon is produced by reduction of silica using carbonaceous sources, which generates planet warming greenhouse gases. In this work, we present a simple method to use recycled Si (reSi) obtained from EOL PV modules to produce FeSi using induction furnace and no carbonaceous source. Along with reSi, metallurgical grade Si and commercial FeSi75 were also used to produce FeSi samples for comparison. FeSi samples with different silicon content were prepared. We also investigate the effect of the oxygen in the processing atmosphere, by preparing samples in arc furnace under argon atmosphere. The samples were characterized using scanning electron microscope coupled with Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, to analyse the microstructure. X-ray diffraction was also used to identify and compare the phases formed in different samples. Hardness of the samples was also determined to understand the ease in the mechanical processing of the samples for potential commercial applications. Through the experimental results we have shown that silicon recovered from EOL PV panels could be used in the fabrication of FeSi.
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Kompleksowa analiza gospodarki odpadami komunalnymi w Krakowie w świetle aktualnych uregulowań prawnych
(Data obrony: 2014-09-25) Wolska, Anna
Wydział Geologii, Geofizyki i Ochrony Środowiska
The purpose of this thesis is to conduct an analysis of the positive and negative elements of the municipal waste management system in the Cracow municipality. The thesis provides an overview of the European, national and local regulations. Following the regulation changes in 2012, which have revolutionised the existing waste management system, the municipality was required to create a new plan of action to ensure compliance with the new laws and to build and modernise the waste treatment installations. The thesis presents an assessment of the ongoing implementation process based on the information and data obtained from the Municipal Waste Management Corporation, Department of Municipal Management and managers of single- and multiresidential buildings. A year into the new system implementation, Cracow and its habitants are still struggling with various problems, however, there is a number of changes that have had a positive impact and have brought the municipality closer to compliance with the European regulations. The local and national regulations will need to be modified to further facilitate this process.
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Ocena stanu gospodarki opakowaniami i odpadami opakowaniowymi w województwie małopolskim
(Data obrony: 2017-10-30) Okrajek, Izabela
Wydział Geologii, Geofizyki i Ochrony Środowiska
Celem pracy była ocena stanu gospodarki opakowaniami i odpadami opakowaniowymi w województwie małopolskim. W pracy przeanalizowano dane ilościowe oraz praktyczne informacje o sposobie gospodarki odpadami w Małopolsce. Praca dowiodła, że system gospodarki odpadami opakowaniowymi w Małopolsce jest satysfakcjonujący. Poziomy odzysku i recyklingu w analizowanych latach zostały spełnione. Dodatkowo, województwo małopolskie prowadzi liczne działania na rzecz ciągłego ulepszania systemu gospodarki opakowaniami i odpadami opakowaniowymi.
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Ocena technologii sortowania i przetwarzania odpadów do ich termicznej utylizacji
(Data obrony: 2012-04-25) Brachuc, Rafał
Wydział Geologii, Geofizyki i Ochrony Środowiska
The thesis presents complex review of municipal and industrial waste processing into Refuse Derived Fuel. This fuel is used as additive to fossil fuels in cement furnaces. Besides technology methods the thesis explains physical and chemical features, that product must meet. Basic criteria and obstacles for waste processing has been highlighted. Particular attention is given to waste management during sorting process. In summary thesis defines environmental impact of given technology.
Access status: Open Access ,
Polylactide Used as Filament in 3D Printing – Part 2: TG-DTG, DSC and DRIFT Investigations
(AGH University Press, 2023) Grabowska, Beata; Skowron, Mateusz; Kaczmarska, Karolina
In this second part of the article, we delve deeper into the research area initiated in the first part, focusing on the critical exploration of polylactide (PLA) modification to enhance thermal and mechanical properties in PLA-based materials, building upon the insights obtained from comprehensive structural and thermal analyses utilizing analytical methods such as infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy (DRIFT), and thermoanalytical research (DRIFT, TG-DTG). A series of structural and thermal analysis research (TG-DTG, DSC, DRIFT) were performed for samples of polylactide (PLA), which is commonly used in additive technologies as a structural material. In total, four materials were considered, including two containing dyes with different colors, a material made of PLA recyclate and a graphene-modified PLA material. It was noted that PLA material reinforced with graphene phase (GRAFYLON®) retains the best thermal properties (TG-DTG), which results in its wider potential for processing, including further modification and usability in manufacturing vehicle structural elements. Recycled PLA material (ALFA+W) was characterized by a higher melting point (T$_{p}$) by more than 20°C than other samples (DSC analysis), so it can be more useful in the production of structural elements operating and used at elevated temperatures.
Access status: Open Access ,
Recent Progress in the Recovery and Recycling of Polymers from End-of-Life Silicon PV Modules
(2025) Padhamnath, Pradeep
Wydział Inżynierii Metali i Informatyki Przemysłowej
Solar photovoltaic (PV) technology has emerged as the most preferred source of clean energy generation and has been deployed at a large scale. However, end-of-life management of the PV modules is a critical issue that has garnered the recent attention of lawmakers and researchers alike. Consequently, several researchers are actively developing technology to recycle the end-of-life PV modules. Since silicon PV modules account for more than 90% of the modules deployed globally, most of these efforts are focused on recycling crystalline silicon PV modules. Researchers have primarily focused on recovering pure silver from the contacts and pure Si from the solar cells. However, to ensure complete recyclability of such panels, the different polymers used in these modules must also be recycled. This review addresses the issue of recycling the polymers from end-of-life c-Si modules. Scopus and Google Scholar were used to search for the relevant literature. This review presents the current state-of-the-art technology related to polymer recycling found in the PV modules, the challenges encountered in their recycling, and the outlook. While research on the recycling of polymers has progressed in the last few decades, the instances of their applications in the recycling of polymers from PV panels are rarely reported in the literature. In this work, certain technical pathways, which can be employed to recycled polymers obtained from end-of-life PV panels, are presented. Recycling the polymers from the end-of-life silicon PV modules is crucial for improving the sustainability of solar PV technology.
Access status: Open Access ,
Recycling of dispersed metal wastes in rotary furnaces
(AGH University of Science and Technology Press, 2019) Rovin, Sergej Leonidovič; Kaliničenko, Aleksandr Sergeevič; Rovin, Leonid Efimovič
The recycling of dispersed metal containing wastes is a considerable problem, as their accumulation in dumps today is commensurate with the volume of ore extraction. Several methods and technologies are developed to recycle metal containing wastes but almost all of them require the preliminary preparation of wastes resulting in an increased price of the recycled metals. Furthermore, it is especially difficult to recycle dispersed multicomponent wastes and, therefore, the problem of developing effective, flexible and reliable technology for recycling of dispersed metal containing wastes is still a pressing one. The article presents an alternative method of recycling dispersed iron-containing wastes based on a continuous solid-liquid process of iron oxides reduction in rotary tilting furnaces (RTF). The new method allows the processing of waste of almost any composition and state: from metal lumps to oxide and multicomponent (chips, scale, sludge, etc.) wastes, contaminated with moisture, oils, organic impurities without their preliminary preparation (cleaning, homogenization, pelletizing, etc.). The result of recycling is the production of cast iron or steel ingots or required casting alloys. Some features of technology are considered, including the gas flow and motion of charge metal particles within the RTF. Process parameters providing high metal output are established.
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Rozwiązania ekologiczne w systemach pracy lotnisk
(Data obrony: 2013-09-16) Kwoka, Małgorzata
Wydział Geologii, Geofizyki i Ochrony Środowiska
This study presents a set of environmental solutions in operating systems on airports. It refers to environmental issues including:, recycling programs, energy consumption and efficiency, program waste minimization and purchasing green practices. The description includes examples of using the latest technologies using photovoltaics, biofuels, wind power turbines and biomass. Also referred to several interesting examples of the use of recycling, animal husbandry and crop production at the airport. This publication is full of information from the international conference organized by the fans and representatives of airports, airport websites and trade press and literature.
Access status: Open Access ,
Simulation of the effect of impurities in recycled silicon used for the for the production of ferrosilicon
(2025) Padhamnath, Pradeep; Migas, Piotr; Karbowniczek, Mirosław
Wydział Inżynierii Metali i Informatyki Przemysłowej
Decarbonization of steel making and allied processes have been receiving immense attention of researchers. Similarly, recycling of waste resources and conversion or recovery of useful materials from waste destined for landfills to mitigate environmental impact, is also an important area of research. Ferrosilicon (FeSi) is currently produced using carbothermic reduction and an energy intensive process. However, silicon (Si) from electronic wastes could be combined with scrap steel to produce FeSi. The Si from electronic waste will, however, contain some impurities such as Aluminium (Al), copper (Cu) and Tin (Sn), which could be incorporated into the FeSi produced from such Si. Hence, in this work the impact of the impurities on the properties of FeSi was investigated theoretically and systematically with the help of FactSage simulations. The impact of three major impurities associated with recycled Si (Al, Cu and Sn) were analysed when present individually and then all together. The analysis was done with the help of phase diagrams for solidification process occurring under equilibrium conditions. It was found that the impurities impact the proportion of the final phases and the melting and phase-transition temperatures. Further, the presence of different intermetallic phases could impact the mechanical properties of the alloy as well. The presence of three impurities together with Fe and Si leads to a complex multicomponent system. While further experiments are needed to identify the actual phases formed during such process, this work provides as framework for carrying out such experiments in the future.
Access status: Open Access ,
The Circular Economy in Terms of Zinc Recovery from Industrial Waste – Directions for the Development and Profitability of Recycling
(AGH University Press, 2023) Bobrowski, Artur; Nejranowski, Aleksander
The article reviews the current state of the art in the field of zinc recycling. The results of model studies of the profitability (profitability) of the process of zinc recovery in precipitation in the form of dusts and sludges are presented. The cost of purchasing waste and the necessary energy and material expenditures were taken into account. It has been shown that access to a cheap source of waste is essential for the profitability of the zinc recovery proces.
Access status: Open Access ,
Theoretical investigation of the impact of impurities in recycled silicon used for the production of ferrosilicon
(2024) Padhamnath, Pradeep; Migas, Piotr; Karbowniczek, Mirosław
Wydział Inżynierii Metali i Informatyki Przemysłowej