Browsing by Subject "review"

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2

Access status: Open Access ,
Overview of multi-attribute decision-analysis tools for selecting investment options in municipal district heating systems
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2023) Dawiec, Dominika; Ginda, Grzegorz
Municipal district heating systems in Polish cities constitute important elements of these municipalities (and not only of their technical infrastructures). Due to the nature of the basic service that is provided – providing heat (and perhaps year-round comfort in the future) – these systems can be perceived as important parts of the social infrastructures of the cities, creating the appropriate conditions for the existence of people, the functioning of social infrastructure facilities, and the operations of enterprises. The need for heating companies to adapt to any changes in the requirements that arise as a result of the economic, social, environmental, and (increasingly) political and legal changes that take place in its immediate and distant environment requires the implementation of investments. However, the effects of such investments are multidimensional and largely difficult to measure, they depend on the passage of time and complex conditions that are related to the pursuit of sustainable development and security. Their reliable assessment therefore requires the use of appropriate tools. This paper is devoted to an analysis of the practical usefulness of multi-attribute decision-analysis tools in this context, taking various types of such tools into account as well as the conditions for their effective applications. The most promising of these tools is also introduced and discussed.
Access status: Open Access ,
Sea ice mechanics
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2023) Paul, F.; Schwarz, C.; Audh, R.R.; Bluhm, J.; Johnson, S.; MacHutchon, K.; Mielke, T.; Mishra, A.; Rampai, T.; Ricken, T.; Schwarz, A.; Skatulla, S.; Thom, A.; Verrinder, R.; Schröder, J.; Vichi, M.; Lupascu, D.C.
Earth System Models (ESM), simulating sea ice and its interaction with the atmosphere and open ocean, require reliable physical, chemical, and biological input from measurements. There is limited data available from the Marginal Ice Zone of the Antarctic, where sea ice growth mechanisms differ from the Arctic. The main objective of this study is to review existing work related to Antarctic sea ice and highlight gaps in the available literature. The mechanical properties of sea ice and the numerical modeling of sea ice across all scales are covered. We summarize the genesis, physical mechanics, static and dynamic properties, strength, toughness, and transport of young sea ice as well as medium to large scale observation. On the computational mechanics side large- and small-scale modeling, ocean-sea ice and atmosphere-sea ice models, as well as sea ice rheology models, sea ice fracture mechanics, and bio-geo-chemical interaction processes are captured. The synergy between the physical and computational mechanics brings to light missing information from both fields. Plain language summary (PLS) Sea ice determines the interaction of the ocean with the atmosphere in both the southern and northern hemispheres. Its formation and annual development is subject to mechanical interaction with ocean currents and winds. This review covers the mechanics of sea ice in the Antarctic and its relation to the Arctic covering experiment and modelling. Impact on the climate is discussed.