Browsing by Subject "sandstones"

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Geoturystyka górska – atrakcje geoturystyczne Pogórza Rożnowskiego pomiędzy Ciężkowicami, a Rożnowem
(Data obrony: 2010-01-29) Ziętara, Ewelina
Wydział Geologii, Geofizyki i Ochrony Środowiska
In this study geotourist and tourist attractions of Rożnów Landscape Park are presented. There are number of sandstones, fissure caves and quarries because of diversified geology. Moreover, the explored site is interesting thanks to various cultural monuments such as war cemeteries dated at World War I, defensive constructions, wooden architecture relics, castle ruins, manors and historic churches. As the result of literature review and own investigation, three tourist routes are described.
Access status: Open Access ,
Identification of sandstone-related rocks composition using the X-ray analysis
(2013) Košuth, Marian
The article presents knowledge based on investigation of sandstones or siltstones composition from the Paleogene flysch terrains in North-East Slovakia. Samples of frequently crumbling clastic rocks were commonly considered to be close to sandstones, composed by predominant quartz. The set of such samples, belonging to Dukla Unit Sandstones were analyzed using the XRD analyses. Beside of quartz the diffraction patterns gave the evidence in significant carbonate share with some minor to minute feldspars, mica and chlorite contents. Among majority of analyzed samples we distinguish three groups of sandstones: (1) with the abundant calcite admixture, (2) the sandstones which contain meaning dolomite portion. The group (3) is representing the samples is formed the same by quartz as by both of carbonates, each of them could form important up to prevailed mineral component. Comparison of analyzed samples mineral composition shows remarkable trend of higher calcite and dolomite contents in younger clastic sediments.
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Microtectonic Deformations at Longitudinal Faults Zones in the Silesian Nappe (Bieszczady Mountains)
(Data obrony: 2017-07-31) Strzelecki, Piotr
Wydział Geologii, Geofizyki i Ochrony Środowiska
Deformation bands (DB) are microdeformations, which could be found within fault zones in sandstones. DB occur also in the Polish part of the Outer Carpathians, in the Lower Krosno beds of the Silesian Nappe. The study area was located along Dwernik stream (Bieszczady Mts) where the strata were folded into NW-SE striking regional-scale folds and cut by NW-SE trending, fold parallel regional faults. The aim of presented study was to characterize microdeformations in the faults zones, and to show the relationship between origin of DB and regional structures. The studies included geological mapping as well as structural and microstructural analyses of DB in thin sections. Based on result of these studies, genesis of the DB and their relationship with regional structures were discussed. Microstructures of DB indicate that they were formed in shallow to moderately burial conditions. The DB originated progressively during maximum stress axis rotation from horizontal to the sub-vertical orientation. However, majority of the DB formed after folding and origin of them has no evident relationship with faulting.
Access status: Open Access ,
Piaskowce modyfikowane związkami krzemoorganicznymi oraz zmiany ich porowatości i wytrzymałości na zginanie pod działaniem siły skupionej
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2010) Rembiś, Marek
The sandstone samples representing 24 deposits localized in various geological regions of Poland were impregnated with liquid polymers, in which esters of the orthosilicic acid are active agents. Such preparations are commonly applied as stone strengtheners in conservation practices. The products of condensation of these polymers formed in the course of seasoning of the impregnated stone samples for 4 weeks have developed diversified microstructures. Their presence has lowered the porosity of the sandstones and changed the structure of the rock pore spaces. As a result, the sandstones have been strengthened as indicated by their values of the flexural strength under concentrated load. A distinct change of this parameter should be linked to exceeding of the threshold value of tetraetoxysilan oligomers concentration (percolation threshold) in the sandstones in question, mainly in their Liassic, Cretaceous and Istebna varieties. It has taken place in the samples with the porosity lowered at 41-66%. The percolation threshold has not been achieved in this part of the impregnated Magura, Krosno and Godula sandstones, in which their porosity has decreased at the value not exceeding 10%. In these cases, the value of the flexural strength under concentrated load remains at the same level as it was measured prior to impregnation.
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Porowatość i przepuszczalność skał heterolitycznych
(Data obrony: 2018-02-02) Głuszczak, Bartosz Adam
Wydział Geologii, Geofizyki i Ochrony Środowiska
Poprawne estymowanie własności petrofizycznych skał heterolitycznych w skali złoża, ze względu na ich anizotropowy charakter, jest zadaniem niezwykle trudnym. Aby prawidłowo scharakteryzować wybrany interwał należy: dobrać odpowiednią liczbę próbek potrzebnych do właściwej oceny własności petrofizycznych danego ośrodka używając metody N0, opróbować w miarę możliwości oddzielnie piaskowce i mułowce oraz świadomie dobrać położenie próbki względem uławicenia. Porozymetria rtęciowa w połączeniu z Magnetycznym Rezonansem Jądrowym wydają się wystarczające do oceny własności petrofizycznych badanych skał. Dobrane zostały sposoby uśredniania wprowadzające najmniejszy błąd przy skalowaniu własności petrofizycznych do wymiaru bloku siatki gridu używanej przy modelowaniach numerycznych złóż naftowych. Zaproponowano również wzory do obliczania efektywnej pionowej i poziomej przepuszczalności oparte na opracowaniach Deutsch i in. (1989) oraz Ringrose i in. (2003).
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Porównanie kruszyw łamanych w zachodniej części Karpat Zewnętrznych
(Data obrony: 2012-04-25) Niedźwiecki, Michał
Wydział Geologii, Geofizyki i Ochrony Środowiska
In diploma work are discussed Carpathian sandstones occur in the western part of the Outer Carpathians. Based on field research in eight deposits „Targanice”, „Bysina”, „Obłaziec-Gahura”, „Klęczany”, „Skawce”, „Barwałd”, „Osielec” and „Tenczyn Górny” presents litological profiles and description of the deposits. The resulting physical and mechanical parameters for rocks and aggregates compared and rated their quality and usefulness. This work gave rise to the reference to use this rocks as aggregate roadworks and construction.
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Prędkość rozchodzenia się fali podłużnej (Vp) a litologia wybranych piaskowców Gór Świętokrzyskich
(Data obrony: 2012-09-26) Machnik, Krzysztof
Wydział Geologii, Geofizyki i Ochrony Środowiska
Presented thesis shows dependence of technical and physical specificity from lithologhy of Holy Cross Mounteins. Samples were taken from Wiśniówka Duża (kambr), Tumlin Gród (trias) and Śmiłów(jura) deposits, where bulk density, weight absorbtion and speed of sound wave was researched. Mentioned samples were divided into microscopic preparations on which mineral composition was checked and as far as granulometric and planimetric analysis was made. Influence of saturation for perpendicular and parallel sound wave speed was estimated. These procedures have allowed to indicate preffered wave passage directions and evaluate the influence of stones saturation to anistotrophy ratio change. Acieved results give base for affirmation, that at good reconaissence and knowledge about speed of wave give a possibility to create an interpretation keys. They can facilitate preliminary evaluation of trend of physical and mechanical changes of roc
Access status: Open Access ,
Stan zachowania wybranych piaskowców budowlanych Polski poddanych działaniu siarczanu sodu oraz dwutlenku siarki w obecności wilgoci
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2010) Rembiś, Marek; Smoleńska, Anna
Selected sandstones quarried in Lower Silesia and the northern margin of the Holy Cross Mts have been studied. The study focused on the stone resistance to crystallization of sodium sulphate, according to the standard PN-EN 12370: 2001, and on ageing under the influence of SO$_{2}$ in the presence of moisture, according to the standard PN-EN 13919: 2004. It has been revealed that the destruction of the sandstones, often used in civil engineering, is mainly caused by crystallization of thenardite in their pores. As a result, an increasing crystallization pressure loosens the stone rigidity and imparts fracturing of the cement. The lowest resistance to the action of sodium sulphate was manifested by Jurassic sandstones (particularly those from the Nietulisko deposit) and most of the Cretaceous ones, both characterized by high porosity, as well as laminated Triassic sandstones (from the Tumlin Gród deposit). Destruction of the sandstones affected by sulphuric acid vapours is weaker: the changes result from dissolution of the feldspars of the framework and the clay minerals of the cement. The highest respective resistance was shown by Jurassic sandstones from the Nietulisko deposit as they contain low amounts of feldspars, whereas the lowest resistance by the sandstones from the Długopole deposit, which are rich in feldspars.
Access status: Open Access ,
Wizualizacja przestrzeni porowej skał z wykorzystaniem mikrotomografii rentgenowskiej
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2009) Zalewska, Jadwiga; Dohnalik, Marek
Roentgen computed microtomography (micro-CT) allows visualizing internal structure of measured objects determined by density differences. Micro-CT measurements enable obtaining of many parallel 2D cross sections, which allows to project in 3D particular properties. Main micro-CT applications are porosity measurements and visualizations. The paper shows first results of measurements and imaging of rock porous space, using micro-CT method.
Access status: Open Access ,
Zamki znad jezior Rożnowskiego i Czchowskiego jako geoturystyczne lapidaria i rola piaskowców istebniańskich w ich powstaniu
(2010) Cieszkowski, Marek; Waśkowska-Oliwa, Anna
On the Rożnów Foothils area, at the Rożnów and Czchów artificial lakes, a few usually ruined castles are located. This historical and recently monumental defensive objects emerged mainly in the Middle Ages. These Castles, are located on exposures of the Upper Cretaceous Istebna Beds. The Istebna Sandsones constitutes also natural local construction raw materials. The Istebna Beds are involved in the structure of the Silesian Nappe, one of the main Outer Carpathian tectonic units. The original walls of castles with their geological enclosing are geoturistic attractions of the Rożnów Land. They could be also a kind of lapidarium. In their walls are exposed specimens of the sandstone lithotypes typical for the Istebna Beds.
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Związki żelaza jako pigment w wybranych piaskowcach karpackich
(Data obrony: 2010-07-20) Drzymalski, Łukasz
Wydział Geologii, Geofizyki i Ochrony Środowiska
A phenomenon commonly observed in sandstones containing Fe-minerals is formation of layered zones of clearly different colouration, connected with various concentrations of iron compounds. Similar processes have also been described in historic buildings built of sandstones with iron cement or Fe-rich compounds. Understanding the processes of weathering sandstones rich in Fe-minerals, conditions of the mobilization and precipitation of secondary compounds and their types is important for any action aimed at conservation of the building stones. The sandstone rocks in the Polish Flysch Carpathians are particularly convenient for studying the weathering processes, in the natural outcrops having been long time exposed to the influence of the atmospheric factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence, concentration and types of the Fe-compounds in the sandstones sampled in the Polish Flysch Carpathians, as well as their impact on the colour and structure of these rocks. Diversified colouration observed in distinct layers is connected with various concentrations of the Fe-compounds. Most often they occur in form of: crystalline oxides or hydroxides, such as goethite and haematite, aluminium silicates, and amorphous phases of the ferrihydrite type. A very significant impact on the sandstone layer colouration is due to have their occurrence in form of the submicroscopic aggregates. The weathering processes also resulted in formation of secondary minerals, such as jarosite, gypsum, and halite, on the surface of the sandstone rocks.