Browsing by Subject "storage of LNG"

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Access status: Open Access ,
Polskie zasoby energetyczne - szansa czy zagrożenie?
(2011) Kaliski, Maciej; Jedynak, Zdzisław; Janusz, Piotr; Szurlej, Adam
Energy is a key factor influencing the level and quality of human life in an indirect way it meets the basic and further everyday needs. Utilized both in industrial processes, it is associated with the production of material goods or services, and commonly found in households. In Poland, the fuel and energy sector is facing serious problems that require immediate action. Coal have a fundamental importance in the national structure of primary energy consumption. There exists a significant dependence on imported natural gas and almost full dependence on crude oil. The level of productive and transport infrastructure for fuels and energy are inadequate to the reported needs. However, the adopted international climate commitments are not reflected in internal capabilities. At the same time, there are numerous socio-economic problems in the country. This issue prompted the authors to formulate the question: Are Polish energy resources an opportunity or a threat?
Access status: Open Access ,
Techniczne i technologiczne problemy eksploatacji terminali rozładunkowych LNG
(2011) Łaciak, Mariusz
The required LNG industrial infrastructure consists primarily of liquefaction instalation, loading terminal, methane ships and unloading terminal, in which is making the regasification from liquid to gas phase. The task of unloading LNG terminal is to receive the cargo of liquefied natural gas from methane ship tanks, and then, according to the schedule of operation - to process liquid LNG to the gas phase and at a certain pressure to introduce gas into the transmission system. In the unloading terminal is carried out a few basic operations: unloading, storage, pumping and compression, and regasification of LNG. The discharge of LNG - from the methane ship tanks specially equipped for berthing quays. On the waterfront is installed on the discharge station, equipped with the unloading arms and a system of pipelines to transport LNG. Storage of LNG - usually for a short period of time in specially constructed tanks at cryogenic temperatures. Regasification of LNG - liquefied natural gas is heated in special equipment (vaporizers) and goes into the gas phase at a temperature at the exit of a few degrees. The gas pressure at the outlet from vaporizers is predetermined in correlation to the requirements of the gas system. Regasification at high pressure makes it possible to maintain the process in the supercritical phase, in which heat transfer is better, while avoiding the complications of exploitation. Unloading terminal is connected to the gas network, which is transporting a natural gas after having established the quality parameters supplied to the gas network (possible mixing of gases). No less important are the rules and safety systems used in LNG terminals. The paper presents the technological processes involved in the operation of terminals, from the unloading of LNG in a liquid phase to its reception in the gas phase by the transmission system. The four main operations forming the core production line on which the LNG liquid is subjected to physical changes, but causes no significant changes in its chemical composition and properties were presented. There were also presented the methods used to LNG regasification and technical security issues at terminals.