Browsing by Subject "water structure"

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Access status: Open Access ,
Jak termodynamika i mechanika opisują makroskopową oraz molekularną istotę zwilżalności
(2007) Grodzka, Janina; Pomianowski, Andrzej Aleksander
Recent studies on wetting lead to the two most important conclusions: description (estimation) of wettability needs the knowledge of not only the macroscopic wetting angle but also of the nature of molecular aqueous films that occupy surfaces of all solids; mechanical equilibrium of the wetting process is generally much more rapidly established than the thermodynamic equilibrium of the whole system. In consequence, the macroscopically measured wetting angle is different from the equilibrium angle, when the thermodynamic equilibrium and the formation of the molecular water film on the solid are not attained. Rapidly proceeding investigations of molecular wettability, carried out with the use of AFM (atomic force microscopy), will lead in the near future to unification of the theory and practice of wetting, and in particular will solve the question of the hysteresis of wetting, resulting from changes in the structure of water, directly adjacent to the surfaces of solids.