Geotourism / Geoturystyka
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ISSN 1731-0830
e-ISSN: 2353-3641
Issue Date
2008
Volume
Number
No. 2 (13)
Description
Journal Volume
Geotourism / Geoturystyka
(2008)
Projects
Pages
Articles
Geological history of the Pieniny Klippen Belt and Middle Jurassic black shales as one of the oldest deposits of this region - stratigraphical position and palaeoenvironmental significance
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2008) Krobicki, Michał; Golonka, Jan
The main aim of this paper is presentation both general history of the Pieniny Klippen Belt and two famous sites in this region: Dunajec River Gorge and Homole Gorge. According to such general introduction the authors explain also palaeogeographical position of the Pieniny Klippen Belt Basin within Mesozoic Tethyan Ocean, and especially stratigraphical position and palaeoenvironmental conditions of Middle Jurassic black shales and their significance in geodynamic reconstruction of this basin. Both the Dunajec River Gorge, one of the most popular geotouristic object within Pieniny Mts, and Homole Gorge, one of the best place to geological study of the Pieniny Klippen Belt, are most attractive natural phenomena of this geological region.
Middle Jurassic black shales (Skrzypny Shale Formation) - palaeoenvironmental significance of one of the oldest deposits of the Pieniny Klippen Belt
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2008) Górniak, Katarzyna; Bahranowski, Krzysztof; Gaweł, Adam; Marynowski, Leszek; Szydłak, Tadeusz
This paper deals with a fragment of geological history of Middle Jurassic black spherosideritic shales outcropping in upper part of the Homole Gorge (Skrzypny Shale Formation, Niedzica succession). These important deposits belong to the Flackenmergel facies, widespread in oceanic Tethyan deposits. This formation represents one of the oldest rocks of the Pieniny Klippen Belt. Dark colour of these rocks (total organic carbon content in them amounts to about 1 wt.%) and the occurrence of siderite concretions indicate reducing conditions of their origin but oxidizing environment of waters above them in sedimentary basin. Oxic conditions of organic matter sedimentation are confirmed by the elevated values of pristine to phytane ratio. Moreover the results based on n-alkanes indicate mixed terrestrial/marine origin of organic matter with prevalence of the last one These information are slightly obliterated because of advanced thermal maturity of organic matter caused by postsedimentation processes. Microstructural features of deposits of the Skrzypny Shale Formation and the composition of clay minerals occurring in them indicate late diagenetic conditions. In SEM images we observe one-directional orientation of clay minerals and rotation of mica flakes, often chloritized. Clay minerals are represented by high-illitic illite/smectite, micas, post-biotitic chlorite and subordinately kaolinite. As follows from authors studies, these macroscopically nearly “mute” clay rocks, little interesting in outcrops, particularly when they occur in such attractive geological objects as the Homole Gorge, can be the source of important information concerning the history of sedimentation basins.
Podhale Palaeogene Flysch as geotouristic attractive region - first look to its unique geological values
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2008) Krobicki, Michał; Golonka, Jan
The primary aim of this paper is note the attention to geological phenomena in the Podhale Flysch region, and especially lithological differentiation of flysch rocks, their sedimentological features, tectonic structures, stratigraphical and palaeontological aspects, and all of these according to recent regional position of Podhale and its palaeogeographical history in wider geodynamic context. Authors summarized the newest knowledge about geological history of the Podhale Flysch region and presented its geotouristic potential in one of the beautiful place in southern Poland. Short reviews of several aspects of geological works have been made according to: sedimentology, biostratigraphy, petrography and mineralogy, structural geology, organic geochemistry, palaoentology and palaeoecology, palaeogeography and basin analysis, geophysics, geothermy, Quaternary geology and geomorphology, inanimate nature protection and geotourism. In fact, the Podhale Flysch region is good place for geological education and promotion of Earth sciences.
Diagenetic history of the Podhale flysch basin
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2008) Środoń, Jan
This text presents a one day field trip starting and ending in Zakopane, Poland, devoted to explaining geological history of the Tertiary flysch basin of Podhale, situated between the Tatra Mts. and the Pieniny Klippen Belt. The first stop demonstrates the rocks filling the Podhale Basin: sandstones, shales, and in particular bentonites, which are rare horizons of volcanoclastic origin, helpful in radiometric dating of the basin maximum burial. From the top od Wżar Hill (second geological stop), which itself is interesting from geoturistic standpoint for the quarries exposing its andesite sills, the topography of Podhale and Spišská Magura, which reflects higher rates of uplift in the east, is clearly visible. The flysch basin, which developed in Eocene, and in Oligocene covered entire region including the Tatra Mts., formed due to vertical down movement on the Ružbachy fault, and then, ca. 15-18 Ma ago was inverted and uplifted, again along the Ružbachy fault. The fault itself and the accompanying phenomena (thermal water discharge and travertine deposits) are visited at the final stop in Vyšné Ružbachy.
The Tatra Mts - rocks, landforms, weathering and soils
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2008) Drewnik, Marek; Felisiak, Ireneusz; Jerzykowska, Irena; Magiera, Janusz
The trip gives insight into geology and landforms as well as into past and present dynamic geological, geomorphologic and soil-forming processes in the central part of Polish Tatra Mts. The area is easily accessible from Zakopane. However not the highest and not the most impressive of all parts of the mountains it offers a concise review of all sites crucial for understanding the geologic history of the Tatras and their forefield. Crystalline core has not only been covered by overthrusted sedimentary rocks but also forms tectonically displaced bodies like crystalline islands over the sediments. Post-orogenic erosion strongly differentiated the mountains landscape. High valleys shaped in resistant granitoids of the High Tatras were much better reservoirs of snow and ice during the Pleistocene then the West Tatras valleys deeply cut into softer sediments and metamorphic rocks. Therefore, the High Tatric glaciers were longer and thicker than the West Tatric ones. Post-glacial weathering, mass movements and accumulation of organic matter resulted finally in formation of rich variety of specific mountain soils.