Geology, Geophysics & Environment
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ISSN 2299-8004
e-ISSN: 2353-0790
Issue Date
2016
Volume
Vol. 42
Number
No. 3
Description
Journal Volume
Geology, Geophysics & Environment
Vol. 42 (2016)
Projects
Pages
Articles
A Big Data processing strategy for hybrid interpretation of flood embankment multisensor data
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2016) Chuchro, Monika; Franczyk, Anna; Dwornik, Maciej; Leśniak, Andrzej
The assessment of flood embankments is a key component of a country’s comprehensive flood protection. Proper and early information on the possible instability of a flood embankment can make it possible to take preventative action. The assessment method proposed by the ISMOP project is based on a strategy of processing huge data sets (Big Data). The detection of flood embankment anomalies can take two analysis paths. The first involves the computation of numerical models and comparing them with real data measured on a flood embankment. This is the path of model-driven analysis. The second solution is data-driven, meaning time series are analysed in order to detect deviations from average values. Flood embankments are assessed based on the results of model-driven and data-driven analyses and information from preprocessing. An alarm is triggered if a critical value is exceeded in one or both paths of analysis. Tests on synthetic data demonstrate the high efficiency of the chosen methods for assessing the state of flood embankments.
The application of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), induced polarization (IP) and electromagnetic conductivity (EMC) methods for the evaluation of technical condition of flood embankment corpus
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2016) Cygal, Adam; Stefaniuk, Michał; Kret, Anna; Kurowska, Monika
A series of catastrophic floods that have occurred over the last twenty years in Poland brought an urgent need for taking preventive steps to monitor river embankment conditions. The main problem seems to be the development of efficient (i.e. fast and economical) measurements for controlling the condition of river embankments, because the execution of the full range of geotechnical measurements is both lengthy and costly. In this situation, a cheap and quick geophysical survey has been proposed to undertake this purpose. In this article the results of geophysical surveys are described which were performed using geoelectric and electromagnetic methods along a section of the Vistula embankment, located near the Maniów area in the Małopolska province. According to the archival data, this region is situated in a high-risk flooding zone. Three geophysical methods were used to recognize conditions of the levee: (i) Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT), (ii) Induced Polarization (IP) and (iii) Electromagnetic Conductivity (EMC). Geoelectrical measurement results were presented in the form of resistivity and polarization cross-sections. Results of conductivity measurement were presented in the form of plots. These parameters effectively supplement geotechnical testing, providing spatial information about the changes within the embankment and its substrate. It allows the prediction of potentially vulnerable areas to water percolation during flooding.
The presence of geogenically saline waters in the area of salt dome Rogóźno (central Poland)
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2016) Górecki, Michał; Ziułkiewicz, Maciej
Rogóźno salt dome is one of the most recognizable diapirs in the Polish Lowland. Despite its shallow occurrence depth, increased salinity has not been detected in surface water. The presented hydrogeochemical research aimed at determining if there is the presence of increased geogenical salinity in the groundwater and shallow water. Increased geogenical salinity has not been detected in the Moszczenica River and the Czerniawka River, but were displayed in the Moszczenica River valley in the specific electrical conductivity (SEC) spatial distribution. Hydrogeochemical research indicated the presence of a higher mineralized water ascent in the north-eastern part of the dome. The presence of mixing of saline waters around the dome with fresh waters was determined. Ionic composition and hydrochemical indexes of waters sampled from different levels indicate that the saline structure is not completely isolated from surrounding waters. The dome structure is in contact with water from Upper Jurassic formation which influences the final water composition. Active anthropogenic processes partly mask the influences of geogenic salinity in the study area.
Economic modelling of the management of dredged marine sediments
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2016) Harrington, Joseph R.; Murphy, Jimmy; Coleman, Mary; Jordan, Declan; Debuigne, Tristan; Szacsuri, Gabor
This paper presents and applies an economic model developed for the management of dredged marine sediments. The model predicts direct project costs and direct, indirect and induced economic impacts. The model is applied to analyse the economic aspect of the specific potential beneficial use of dredged sediment for land reclamation in an Irish context. The model results show the potential economic benefits to land reclamation of using dredged sediment including its value as a potential substitute for quarry based material and as an alternative to traditional offshore dredged sediment disposal, where appropriate. Analysis of other sediment management approaches including wetland creation, is also presented with the results for wetland creation indicating its potential, where appropriate, as a valuable alternative to offshore disposal. Indicative economic benefits are predicted by the model for the different dredge sediment management approaches analysed.
Plant macrofossils from the Czyżów Complex deposits of the Szczerców outcrop, central Poland
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2016) Myśkow, Elżbieta; Krzyszkowski, Dariusz; Wachecka-Kotkowska, Lucyna; Wieczorek, Dariusz
The paper presents the results of research into the plant macrofossils found in the tectonic Kleszczów Graben, within Mesopleistocene sandy sediments. A number of samples were collected at eight locations from river sediments containing variously sized fragments of plants, mostly from greenish sands overlying Neogene sediments. The structural characteristics of the sediments show a cyclic record of the formation of point bars, their washing out at supercritical conditions, and their aggradation by fine-grained material during flow waning. Based on lithological and structural studies, it has been demonstrated that the sands accumulated in an environment of a meandering river, whose valley bottom was covered with fairly dense vegetation, inhibiting the influx of mineral material to the floodplain from the surroundings – the valley or glacial plateau slopes. The aim of further analysis was to identify the plant genera of the individual macrofossils (about 40 specimens). The most numerous macrofossils were observed in the middle layers of the profile, within sandy megaripple structures, where mostly fragments of <i>Fraxinus</i> and <i>Acer</i> wood were present. In other layers, several fragments of <i>Pinus</i> and three pieces of <i>Populus</i> wood were identified. Additionally, young stems of dicotyledonous plants and fragments of rhytidome (the outer bark of a tree) were found. The results are discussed in combination with considerations on the deposition of the Czyżów Complex in the Bełchatów outcrop, and on the occurrence of local flora.