Geology, Geophysics & Environment
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ISSN 2299-8004
e-ISSN: 2353-0790
Issue Date
2017
Volume
Vol. 43
Number
No 3
Description
Journal Volume
Geology, Geophysics & Environment
Vol. 43 (2017)
Projects
Pages
Articles
Evaluating the HYPE model for estimating groundwater recharge in a groundwater dominated catchment in Poland
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2017) Bar-Michalczyk, Dominika; Michalczyk, Tomasz; Witczak, Stanisław; Żurek, Anna J.
Hydrological models can be useful tools simulating climate and land use changes and their impact on nutrients outflows from a catchment area. One of them is the HYPE (Hydrological Predictions for the Environment) water quality model applicable to different spatial scales. Groundwater recharge via infiltrating precipitation is a significant water budget component. The rate of groundwater recharge in the HYPE model is estimated from the water balance in soils. The Kocinka river catchment is one of the test areas in the BONUS-Soils2Sea project where HYPE model modelling was carried out. A hydrograph, among others, is one of the modelling results and, based on it, the recharge rate of groundwater was determined. This value was compared with groundwater recharge rates estimated by the infiltration method used for the Groundwater Vulnerability Map of Poland.
The application of electromagnetic methods for polymetallic prospecting in mining conditions
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2017) Gołębiowski, Tomisław; Żogała, Bogdan; Mendecki, Maciej; Małysa, Tomasz
The paper presents selected results of geophysical surveys carried out in the »Polkowice-Sieroszowice« copper mine in Lower Silesia, Poland. The aim of complex geophysical measurements was the analysis of the usefulness of selected electromagnetic methods for locating ore mineralisation zones in mining conditions. The results were obtained from surveys conducted along profiles designed on the side-wall by the roof, in the middle and the floor of the excavation. Electromagnetic Profiling and Ground Penetrating Radar techniques were applied for outlining the mineralisation zones consisting of Cu, Pb and Fe. The variability of geophysical recordings depending on the degree of mineralisation and distribution of fractures induced by mining activity were analysed. The results of geophysical surveys were correlated to petrophysical parameters and laboratory data concerning the percentages of Cu, Pb and Fe in samples taken from the side-wall at the survey site.
The potential for locating hydrocarbon traps in the Rotliegend formation, based on the results of experimental seismic surveys
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2017) Maćkowski, Tomasz; Kwolek, Krzysztof; Górecki, Wojciech
Within the framework of the Operational Programme Innovative Economy 2007-2013, studies were carried out for improving the effectiveness of using seismic surveys in the prospecting and exploration of gas fields in the Rotliegend formation. The completed experimental seismic surveys provided new, very interesting data on the geological structure of the deeper part of the Rotliegend basin (>4000 m), which is practically very important for prospecting for new gas fields. The interesting results were obtained along virtually the entire cross-section, particularly in two segments: the southern segment – in front of and within the Człopa-Szamotuły tectonic zone (the Szczecin-Gorzów segment) and the northern segment – in the area of the Zabartowo-1 and Zabartowo-2 wells (the Pomeranian segment). In the northern segment, for the first time in the history of studies of the Lower Permian Basin, it was possible to record reflections from the horizon of the aeolian sandstones occurring within the playa silty-clayey deposits (543 m below the top of the Rotliegend formation), which represents a significant achievement from the point of view of prospecting for hydrocarbon resources. This horizon, characterized by favourable reservoir properties, pinches out northward. It is a very important piece of information because systems oflithologic traps may be related to such pinchouts. In the central part of the Obrzycko-Zabartowo profile, in the Chodzież area, a vast structural elevation occurs, approximately 10–12 km wide and with the amplitude of 250–300 m, which may be a potential large structural or structural and lithologic trap. These newly discovered zones of occurrence of gas traps in the seismic profiles made by the AGH University of Science and Technology within the framework of the research project, will be implemented in a detailed seismic exploration during the exploratory work of Polish Oil and Gas Company (PGNiG SA).
The use of archived precipitation data in the assessment of soil erosion risk in the Świętokrzyskie Province of central-southern Poland
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2017) Jarzyna, Krzysztof; Krupa, Joanna; Zieliński, Artur
The usefulness of archived IMGW–PIB published reports was discussed as a source of information on high total and intensity precipitation that generates the risk of soil erosion. The study area consist of the Świętokrzyskie Province of central-southern Poland. The data were obtained mainly from yearbooks: <i>The Atmospheric Precipitation Yearbooks</i> and <i>Results of pluviographic studies and precipitation of high intensity</i> for the period 1959–1981. The analysis is limited to the occurrence of rainfall events that produced at least 30 mm of rainwater and were classified as $A_{3}$ or higher on the Chomicz scale of rainstorms and downpours. A total of 247 rainstorms and downpours were recorded at 74 weather stations in the Świętokrzyskie Province. The utilized data sets allowed he estimation of erosivity index values using a simplified Wischmeier and Smith equation. Their erosivity index reached up to 6,387.8 MJ $\cdot$ mm $\cdot$ ha$^{-1} \cdot$ h$^{-1}$ with a median value of 455.8 MJ $\cdot$ mm $\cdot$ ha$^{-1} \cdot$ h$^{-1}$. This maximum value of $EI$ was recorded at the Słupia weather station in the southwestern part of the study area. However, high erosivity rainfalls most often occurred in the lower section of the Nida Valley (in the Wiślica weather station). Precipitation characterized by the greatest erosivity occurred in June and July.
The verification of the estimation of transport and sorption parameters in the MATLAB environment. A column test
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2017) Okońska, Monika; Kaczmarek, Mariusz; Małoszewski, Piotr; Marciniak, Marek
Mathematical modelling of the migration of pollutants in the groundwater environment requires knowledge of the values of transport and sorption parameters. The aim of this study was 1) to determine the values of advection, dispersion and sorption parameters of selected tracers that are transported through a porous medium, and 2) to verify the applied parameters estimation procedure. The authors examined the migration of a solution containing conservative and reactive tracers (chloride, nitrate, lithium and ammonium ions) through a sample of medium sand. The soil sample for the column test was taken from an aquifer near the Tursko groundwater intake (Wielkopolska province, Poland). The parameter estimation procedure, conducted in the MATLAB environment, included the numerical solution of the differential equations of transport and sorption, and the application of the numerical optimization method. During the identification, the authors tested twelve mathematical models including the advection-dispersion model, as well as single and hybrid (i.e. two-site) sorption models. The authors made a comparison of parameter values obtained by means of the global and local optimization method. The fitting quality was assessed by calculating the root mean square error RMSE and correlation coefficient $r$. As a result of the research, the authors determined the values of the advection-dispersion parameters: hydraulic conductivity $k$, effective porosity $n_{e}$, and longitudinal dispersivity $\alpha$. The authors found out that the nature oflithium ions migration is best captured by the single sorption model (equilibrium sorption), whereas the nature of ammonium ions migration is by the hybrid model with irreversible sorption. Lithium ions on the tested soil revealed low sorption intensity, ammonium ions showed medium intensity, while nitrate ions were transported at the same rate as chloride ions, exhibiting no retardation. The verification of parameter estimation in the MATLAB environment was carried out by comparing it against the alternative, well-known and often tested method, based on analytical solutions of the transport and sorption equation, combined with optimization within the FIELD and KLUTE-STEP programmes.