Geology, Geophysics & Environment
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ISSN 2299-8004
e-ISSN: 2353-0790
Issue Date
2016
Volume
Vol. 42
Number
No. 2
Description
Journal Volume
Geology, Geophysics & Environment
Vol. 42 (2016)
Projects
Pages
Articles
Contrasting sediment and water chemistry indicates the extent of the hyporheic zone in a polluted river system
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2016) Ciszewski, Dariusz; Aleksander-Kwaterczak, Urszula
The concentrations of zinc and cadmium were determined in the sediment cores sampled from the floodplain and the channel in the middle reach of the Biała Przemsza River valley (southern Poland). The results were compared to the river water and groundwater chemistry in order to reveal the average extent of the hyporheic flow. The loss of river waters through the river bed due to the natural migration modified by the drainage of the lead-zinc ore mine caused the strong pollution of the river bed sediments with heavy metals to the depth of almost three meters below the water table in the river. Moreover, the similar groundwater and river water chemistry at that depth suggests that the vertical extent of the hyporheic zone, which exceeds a depth of several meters below the channel, can be affected by the drainage of river waters by the lead-zinc mine. The lateral extent of the hyporheic flow, indicated by changes in groundwater chemistry and elevated heavy metal concentrations in the sediments, was of the order of dozen of meters. The investigation documents the large impact of the secondary <i>in situ</i> enrichment of sediments with heavy metals in the hyporheic zone.
Mineral assemblages as a record of the evolutionary history of the Pepper Mts. Shale Formation (the Holy Cross Mts.)
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2016) Naglik, Beata; Natkaniec-Nowak, Lucyna; Heflik, Wiesław
The Pepper Mts. Shale Formation, consisting of: clayey shales, mudstones and sandstones, as one of the oldest unit of the Holy Cross Mts., was subjected to mineralogical and petrographical studies. In order to reconstruct the geological history of the succession, mineral assemblages were characterized from the genetic point of view. Pyrite and goethite taking a form of bacterial-cell pseudomorphoses, crystallized during sedimentation and/or diagenesis, while quartz, kaolinite, goethite and chlorite prove subsequent alteration due to the hydrothermal fluid circulation. Secondary sulphates occurring on the pyrite-bearing rock outcrops mark the way of weathering processes. According to the presented results, Cambrian sediments were affected by hot fluids, which caused mineral recomposition and maturing of organic matter. Under the hypergenic conditions sulphate crust precipitate with pickeringite $[MgAl_{2}(SO_{4})_{4} \cdot 22H_{2}O]$, as a dominant phase accompanied by alunogen $[Al_{2}(SO_{4})_{3} \cdot 17H_{2}O]$ and small amount of epsomite $[MgSO_{4} \cdot 7H_{2}O]$.
The influence of technogenic factors on the karst activization of Precarpathian salt sediments and karst natural lows
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2016) Pavlûk, Vasyl'
The purpose of this article is to conduct an analysis of the technological and natural factors that have influenced the development and intensification of the salt karst, located within Miocene salt-bearing sediments. Understanding the rules of the karst process is one way to help make the right decisions at the forecasting stage of these harmful exogenic geological processes. This is especially true of salt deposits, which are located in complex geological conditions (e.g. the Carpathian Foredeep). The development of the salt karst in the Precarpathian has shown that it is a complex multi-system process, where all the components have a significant impact on the results and they are directly related to each other. The results of the completed research confirm that the features of the spatial development of the karst processes within the Carpathian salt deposits are caused by the complex geological structures of the Miocene sediments. The spatial developments of the karst processes depend on the heterogeneity of the water penetration in the plans and sections of the salt-bearing deposits. This forms the predominant vector of the underground leaching intensity along the geological boundaries. Permeability and solubility of the salt bearing deposits along the bedding are higher, relative to the permeability and solubility across geological structures. Faults which occur across the strike of geological layers act as a containment of the karst processes along the geological borders.
Petroleum processes in the Palaeozoic-Mesozoic strata of the Grobla-Limanowa area (basement of the Polish Carpathians)
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2016) Wróbel, Magdalena; Kosakowski, Paweł; Więcław, Dariusz
The geochemical characteristics of the Palaeozoic and Mesozoic strata of the basement of the Carpathian Foredeep depicted the Devonian and Carboniferous source rocks as the best source for hydrocarbon generation. Moreover, the Outer Carpathian sequence was geochemically characterized and proved capable of generating hydrocarbons. The oil-source rocks’ correlations indicated that the source of the condensate accumulated in the Łąkta field, while oil in the Grobla field. Maturity modelling identified Devonian source rocks as they reached a late phase of the »oil window« and, locally, even the »gas window«. The Carboniferous source rock was mature enough to start the generation processes. The generation started in the late Carboniferous, both in the Upper Silesian and Małopolska blocks. The main phase of the petroleum processes took place in late Neogene. The expulsion was observed only in the Devonian source rocks, and vertical migration by fault system in both blocks resulted in oil and gas accumulation in the Upper Jurassic carbonates and Upper Cretaceous sandstones. The petroleum modelling indicated the Devonian source for oil and gas fields in the study area. However oil-source rock correlation also suggests the presence of the Carpathian flysch source for hydrocarbons accumulated in the Łąkta field.
Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2016) Piestrzyński, Adam