Łaciak, Mariusz
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inżynieria środowiska, górnictwo i energetyka
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Item type:Article, Access status: Open Access , Technological and safety aspects of CNG home fast refueling units(2016) Kuczyński, Szymon; Liszka, Krystian; Łaciak, Mariusz; Olìjnik, Andrìj; Strods, Robert; Szurlej, AdamDespite all global economic shifts and the fact that natural gas is recognized worldwide as the main and the leading alternative to oil products in transportation sector, there is a huge barrier to switch passenger vehicle segment to natural gas – the lack of refueling infrastructure for natural gas vehicles. The key to solving that problem and providing barrier breaking refueling infrastructure solution for natural gas vehicles (NGV) is home fast refueling units. It operates using natural gas (methane), which is being provided through gas pipelines at client’s home, and electricity connection point. It enables an environmentally friendly NGV’s home refueling just in minutes. The underlying technology is one stage hydraulic compressor (instead of multistage mechanical compressor technology) which provides the possibility to compress low pressure gas from residential gas grid to 200 bar for its further usage as a fuel for NGVs. More than efficiency and convenience, the direct hydraulic compressor technology provides compelling cost and lifetime advantages as well as superior convenience over other solutions. Aims of this article is to compare technical, technological and safety aspects of home refueling units and estimate a perspectives of natural gas vehicles as an alternative for regular vehicles.Item type:Article, Access status: Open Access , Selected thermodynamic aspects of liquefied natural gas (LNG) pipeline flow during unloading process(2015) Włodek, Tomasz; Łaciak, MariuszLiquefied natural gas (LNG) is transported by ships to unloading points on the LNG terminals, where the LNG is transported by above-ground superinsulated pipelines to storage tanks. Storage tanks are located a few hundred meters to several kilometers away from the unloading point. The article shows the changes in the basic thermodynamic parameters of liquefied natural gas during the flow in the pipeline modeled for an exemplary unloading process for different variants using Peng-Robinson equation of state.Item type:Article, Access status: Open Access , Analysis of the participation of various components in natural gas transport(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2017) Apostol, Rostislav; Kowalski, Rafał; Liszka, Krystian; Łaciak, Mariusz; Olìjnik, Andrìj; Szurlej, AdamNatural gas is a mixture of hydrocarbons with combustible methane as the main component, the content of which usually exceeds 90%. Among the remaining components of natural gas are ethane, propane, butane, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and sulfur compounds. Helium can be also found in some natural gas fields. The composition of natural gas depends on, e.g. the field from which the gas comes, and also way in which it is transported, i.e. pipelines, LNG technology. The quality of natural gas is regulated by respective standards. Gas transmission pipelines are the most popular and dominant method of gas transport on the international gas market, though LNG technology has recently started to play an increasingly prominent role. The intensive development of renewable energy sources is accompanied by the development of the Power to gas technology - the electric energy excess is used for the hydrogen production, which can be directed to the existing natural gas network and such a mixture of natural gas and nitrogen is transmitted. At present, transmission pipelines for nitride natural gas Ls and Lw exist in Poland. The aim of this paper is to analyze the influence of natural gas admixtures on the operational parameters of transmission pipelines.Item type:Article, Access status: Open Access , Study of the effect of geometrical parameters of the LNG storage tanks on the process of evaporation of liquefied natural gas(2014) Liszka, Krystian; Łaciak, Mariusz; Olìjnik, AndrìjStorage of liquefied natural gas (LNG) is one of the most important processes taking place during liquefaction which is also significant for the regasification and receiving terminals operation. The task of the tanks lies not only in the safe storage of gas, but also in preventing its evaporation related, among others, to the heat transfer through the walls and roof of the tank. Even a small quantity of heat flowing to the LNG increases its internal energy, conseąuently leading to the evaporation of a certain quantity of LNG. Phase transitions of even small amounts of liquid may cause changes in the composition of both LNG and its density, which may contribute to the formation of stratification of liquefied gas. The geometric parameters of the storage tanks have a very large impact on the amount of heat penetrating the tank: with the increase of its size the surface area of heat transfer increases, too. The dependence of heat penetrating the tank, its geometrie dimensions and the effect of temperature on the stability of the stored LNG are discussed in this paper.Item type:Article, Access status: Open Access , Safety technical problems associated with the storage of liquefied natural gas (LNG)(2013) Olìjnik, Andrìj; Łaciak, MariuszLiquefied natural gas (LNG) due to its extremely favorable properties is considered to be one of the most convenient sources of energy, both the transport, storage and distribution. However, these same properties, and factors which represent the LNG as convenient, such as: a very low temperature (-162 degrees of Celsius), a very large increase in the volume of the evaporation (about 600 times) and also create a potential threats The greatest potential threats are in areas where LNG is a very large quantities for a long period of time. The facts presented above show that there is potentially the greatest threat to the storage of LNG. Leaks, clouds LNG vapor, explosions, low temperature, and »rollover« are the most dangerous potential hazards that occur during storage of LNG. Each of these risks can be avoided. This is achieved by the use of appropriate materials for tanks and equipment, as well as the proper and adequate execution of engineering design at each stage of technology. Proper selection of vessel design and materials, and the use of appropriate methods of combining them decide on a safe and long life tanks.Item type:Article, Access status: Open Access , Analysis of new generation odorants applicability in the Polish natural gas distribution network(2014) Liszka, Krystian; Łaciak, Mariusz; Olìjnik, AndrìjOdorization is the process which has crucial impact on the safety of the distribution and usage of natural gas. A very small amounts of odorant are added into naturally odorless fuel. The odorant has distinctive and well odor. Traditionally, used for decades, odorants are based on sulfur compounds. More recently in some countries sulfur-free compound is used as odorant. This article is an attempt to determine the applicability of sulfur-free odorant in natural gas distribution network in Poland. This includes the possibility of implementing a new odorant for the usage in the aspect of existing legislation in the area of odorization. The existing infrastructure used in the process of natural gas odorization has been analyzed and range of necessary adaptation actions has been indicated. The issue of smell diversity in comparison sulfur-free with traditionally used odorants has also been discussed. At the end, the ecological aspects of new odorant usage on a larger scale and re being taken under consideration.Item type:Article, Access status: Open Access , Innovative solutions in natural gas engineering(2017) Łaciak, Mariusz; Włodek, TomaszThe role of natural gas increases in the world energy mix. Natural gas is an ecologic fuel and is used as an energy source in various industries, primarily in transportation. The increased role of natural gas causes the research for innovations and technology development. In modern industry technological innovations should not be presented only as a simple laboratory activities to develop a new tools, solutions and technological processes in natural gas sector. With the rapid development of the natural gas sector in the world in many countries the process of transformation of the national industrial base with the use of natural gas has begun. Natural gas can also be considered as an important bridge to other alternative sources of energy derived from fuel and effective for the environment. In this article the latest trends in the natural gas sector are collected and presented.Item type:Article, Access status: Open Access , Application of ORC systems at natural gas compression station(2017) Kowalski, Rafał; Łaciak, Mariusz; Liszka, Krystian; Olìjnik, Andrìj; Paszylk, PiotrNatural gas is a mixture of hydrocarbons with combustible methane as the main component, the content of which usually exceeds 90 %. Among the remaining components of natural gas are ethane, propane, butane, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, sulfur compounds. Helium can be also found in some natural gas fields. The composition of natural gas depends on, e.g. the field from which the gas comes, and also way in which it is transported, i.e. pipelines, LNG technology. The quality of natural gas is regulated by respective standards. Gas transmission pipelines are the most popular method, dominating on the international gas market, though LNG technology has recently started to play the more and more prominent role. The intensive development of renewable energy sources is accompanied by the development of the Power to gas technology – the electric energy excess is used for the hydrogen production, which can be directed to the existing natural gas network and such a mixture of natural gas and nitrogen is transmitted. At present transmission pipelines for nitride natural gas Ls and Lw exist in Poland. The aim of this paper is analyzing the influence of natural gas admixtures on the operation parameters of transmission pipelines.Item type:Article, Access status: Open Access , An analysis of the changes of the composition of natural gas transported in high-pressure gas pipelines(2015) Janusz, Piotr; Liszka, Krystian; Łaciak, Mariusz; Olìjnik, Andrìj; Susak, Oleksandr MihajlovičNatural gas is one of the major fuels covering home demand for energy. Natural gas consumption has been observed to systematically increase over the last five years. Intensive works are conducted on the development of the national gas network leading to the diversification of directions and sources of blue gas. Natural gas consists of various components. Its composition depends on the source of origin and has a decisive influence on thermodynamic and hydraulic properties. The content of heavy hydrocarbon gases increases the calorific value of the gaseous fuel, whereas the high content of inorganic components lowers the amount of energy obtained in the course of natural gas combustion, and environmentally hazardous chemical compounds are formed. As far as gas transport is concerned, too high content of heavy hydrocarbon gases (propane, butane, pentane) is dis-advantageous. In high pressure conditions the C3-C5 class gases change to a liquid phase. This results in the change of the calorific value, lower hydraulic efficiency of the pipeline diameter and potentially faster corrosion processes on the inner surface of the pipeline. This paper is aimed at presenting results of changes of natural gas composition in a function of distance at which the fuel is transported. The respective analyses will be conducted with the use of analytical methods and commercial pipeline simulators.Item type:Article, Access status: Open Access , Thermodynamic analysis of hydrogen pipeline transportation – selected aspects(2016) Włodek, Tomasz; Łaciak, Mariusz; Kurowska, Katarzyna; Węgrzyn, ŁukaszNowadays we can observe an increasing seek for a new alternatives for the sources and devices of energy storage. One of those sources is hydrogen which can be used in process of energy storage (analogous for compressed air). Hydrogen energy storage facility (in most cases – salt caverns) is often located at long distance from hydrogen source. Due to high amount of hydrogen to be transported transport by tank trucks must be rejected because of its low efficiency. The optimal way of hydrogen transport is pipeline transportation. Hydrogen can be transported by pipeline as a pure fluid or as a component in natural gas mixture. The main target of this paper is the thermodynamic analysis of hydrogen pipeline transportation as a pure fluid or as component of natural gas. Provided analysis includes pressure drop and temperature changes for different assumed cases of hydrogen pipeline transport.