Toboła, Tomasz
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nauki o Ziemi i środowisku
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Item type:Article, Access status: Open Access , Diatomaceous rocks of the Jawornik deposit (the Polish Outer Carpathians) - petrophysical and petrographical evaluation(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2015) Figarska-Warchoł, Beata; Stańczak, Grażyna; Rembiś, Marek; Toboła, TomaszDiatomites belonging to a list of raw materials used in the EU criticality assessment are essential to many industrial applications due to a unique combination of their physical properties, i.e. porous and permeable structure, high specific surface area and adsorption capacity, low density and thermal conductivity, and chemical inertness. The present study was undertaken to analyse the relationships between the pore network characteristics, petrophysical parameters, and mineralogical variability of the Lower Miocene diatomites from the Jawornik deposit (Skole Unit, the Polish Outer Carpathians, SE Poland). Five varieties of the diatomites, distinguished on the basis of the macroscopic features, i.e., colour and fracturing effects, have been investigated by SEM, chemical and XRD analysis, mercury intrusion porosimetry, helium pycnometry, and the Vickers hardness tests. Significantly differing are two varieties. The light-coloured, massive and block-forming diatomites (variety BL) consist mainly of poorly cemented siliceous skeletal remains of diatoms, and represent the rocks with high total porosity (38–43%), low bulk density (1.28–1.38 g/cm$^{3}$) and low microhardness (10.7 HV$_{0.3}$). The dark-gray silicified diatomites with a platy or prismatic splitting (variety PD) reveal obscured microfossils of diatoms and are the most compact and hard rocks (80.8 HV$_{0.3}$), with poor total porosity (17–24%) and higher bulk density (1.70–1.78 g/cm$^{3}$). The spatial distribution of the field identifiable rock varieties allows selective exploitation of the diatomites with the predictable petrophysical characteristics that define their future use.Item type:Article, Access status: Open Access , Przejawy ruchów neotektonicznych i współczesnych w bocheńskiej kopalni soli kamiennej(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2006) Toboła, Tomasz; Bezkorowajny, AndrzejExamination of neotectonics and recent tectonic movements of the Carpathian mountains and neighbouring geological structures have been carried out since a few decades. On the basis of geological and geomorphological examination Bochnia, the district situated at the border of the Carpathian flysch and the Carpathian Foredeep, has been ranked among neotectonically uplifted structures. The Bochnia salt deposit has been exploited since middle of the 13th century and may be a very convenient object for the study of geodynamic events and influence of neotectonic and recent movements on geological structure of the deposit. In the present paper the authors make an attempt at evaluation of recent and neotectonic movements within the rock mass. The main task was to distinguish such indicators which would make it possible to recognize the presence of tectonic movements originating after the last stage of salt deposit formation as well as those resulting from present-day activity of the Carpathians. Observations carried out in the Bochnia salt mine enable us to list the following indicators as: deformations of such secondary rocks as fibrous salt veins, disturbances of some surfaces of discontinuity and differentiated rate of convergence of the mine galleries.Item type:Article, Access status: Open Access , Badania mezostruktur tektonicznych w kopalni soli »Bochnia«(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2006) Cyran, Katarzyna; Toboła, TomaszThe Bochnia salt deposit is located in front of the Carpathian overthrust, in the area of folded Miocene strata. The tectonic element in which the deposit is situated is called the Bochnia anticline. The structure of the deposit is complicated due to intensive tectonic deformations and different mechanical properties of rocks which build the deposit. Effects of these processes can be observed in mine's workings, where many tectonic mesostructures, such as slickensides, folds with boudinage, tectonic breccias, and systems of fractures in claystone filled with fibrous halite occur. Tectonic mesostructures were measured in accessible mine's workings. The descriptive characteristic of mesostructures was also done. The impact of rocks' mechanical properties on the type and character of deformation was considered as well. On the basis of measurements, authors tried to characterize the direction of tectonic stresses which affected the salt series in the Bochnia area. Authors confirmed the S-N direction of tectonic compression but also indicated SW-NE deviation form the main direction.Item type:Article, Access status: Open Access , Geology, geochemistry and petrological characteristics of potash salt units from PZ2 and PZ3 Zechstein (Late Permian) cycles in Poland(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2012) Czapowski, Grzegorz; Tomassi-Morawiec, Hanna; Toboła, Tomasz; Tadych, JoannaPraca jest próbą syntetycznego przedstawienia charakterystyki wykształcenia, geochemii, składu mineralnego i petrograficznego późnopermskich (cechsztyńskich) utworów potasonośnych, budujących dwa wydzielenia litostratygraficzne - starszą (K2) i młodszą (K3) sól potasową. Charakterystykę oparto na analizie archiwalnych i publikowanych danych, odnoszących się głównie do profili z trzech wysadów solnych z obszaru centralnej Polski: Góra, Kłodawa i Mogilno, oraz w przypadku danych petrograficznych - również do wysadu Inowrocław. Ponadto wykorzystano dane dotyczące pokładowych wystąpień soli potasowo-magnezowych na obszarze przedsudeckim.Item type:Article, Access status: Open Access , Wstępne wyniki badań inkluzji fluidalnych z najstarszej soli kamiennej Na1 w rejonie Głogowa (SW Polska)(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2009) Toboła, Tomasz; Markiewicz, AndrzejNew bore-hole SS-15 drilled in NW part of »Sieroszowice« deposit provided precious information about oldest salt (Na1) in that region. Observations of the core revealed that two main types of salt may by distinguished. The white or light grey, coarse-grained and crystal-grained salts with size of halite crystals reaching few cm prevailed in the entire profile. The vari-size grained salt occur much more rare. The lack of sedimentary structures in both types of salts indicates considerably alteration of halite. In order to characterize degree of recrystallization of halite, observation of fluid inclusion was carried out in selected samples of coarse-grained and crystal-grained salts. They revealed that fluid inclusions rarely occur and form very diverse fluid inclusion assemblages. Most fluid inclusions occur on the boundaries of halite crystals. Complicated system of the FIA occurrences confirms complexity and multistage transformations which underwent the salt rocks.Item type:Article, Access status: Open Access , Inkluzje w solach bitumicznych wysadu kłodawskiego(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2010) Toboła, TomaszThe so-called bituminous salts are a kind of salt rocks, which display considerable amounts of hydrocarbons giving them a specific colour and smell. In Kłodawa Salt Dome they occur as concentrations of various size and shape. Most often they form irregular streaks, lenses or bands of salts with different colours changing from light yellow to dark brown. The petrological investigations of such salts in thick plates showed a presence of very different fluid inclusion assemblages (FIA). They vary in size of inclusions, their shapes, the ratio of the gas to liquid phase and the ratio of solutions to hydrocarbons. In this respect, seven main types of FIA were distinguished including intermediate types, as well. Hydrocarbons occurring in singular FIA also show diversity in terms of optical properties in visible and ultraviolet light.