Włodek, Tomasz
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inżynieria środowiska, górnictwo i energetyka
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Item type:Article, Access status: Open Access , Phase equilibria for liquefied natural gas (LNG) as a multicomponent mixture(2015) Włodek, TomaszLiquefied natural gas (LNG) has an increasingly important role in the global natural gas market. Global demand for natural gas will grow over the coming years. LNG is transported by ships to unloading points on the storage terminals. During the LNG unloading and storage processes some part of LNG evaporates into gas phase and causes changes in the composition of stored LNG. The main component of LNG is methane, the remaining components are primarily ethane, propane, butane and nitrogen. Depending on the participation of these components the basic thermodynamic parameters of LNG can significantly change. LNG is also product sensitive to changes of temperature. In order to better prediction of changes of individual parameters of stored LNG caused by changes of temperature and LNG composition vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) calculations are performed for cryogenic conditions using equations of state.Item type:Article, Access status: Open Access , An application of a Raman scattering analyzer for the determination of natural gas composition at a processing plant(2016) Włodek, Tomasz; Kuczyński, Szymon; Smulski, Rafał; Polański, KrzysztofThe development of conventional and unconventional natural gas reservoir management includes continuous monitoring of hydrocarbon exploitation processes and its impact on the reservoir and environment. Raman spectroscopy, which allows for the identification of reservoir fluids (including natural gas) components can be a very promising method for the application of providing a quick, non-invasive, nondestructive analysis.The proposed in this paper measurement methods are focused on the use of: – a laboratory cell (autoclave) with sapphire window mounted on a specially prepared bypass pipeline; – a dedicated Raman probe mounted to the available installed stub pipe; – the construction of a special measurement cell.The article presents the basic technical assumptions for measurements of the composition of natural gas with the use Raman spectroscopy.Item type:Article, Access status: Open Access , Selected thermodynamic aspects of liquefied natural gas (LNG) pipeline flow during unloading process(2015) Włodek, Tomasz; Łaciak, MariuszLiquefied natural gas (LNG) is transported by ships to unloading points on the LNG terminals, where the LNG is transported by above-ground superinsulated pipelines to storage tanks. Storage tanks are located a few hundred meters to several kilometers away from the unloading point. The article shows the changes in the basic thermodynamic parameters of liquefied natural gas during the flow in the pipeline modeled for an exemplary unloading process for different variants using Peng-Robinson equation of state.Item type:Article, Access status: Open Access , Innovative solutions in natural gas engineering(2017) Łaciak, Mariusz; Włodek, TomaszThe role of natural gas increases in the world energy mix. Natural gas is an ecologic fuel and is used as an energy source in various industries, primarily in transportation. The increased role of natural gas causes the research for innovations and technology development. In modern industry technological innovations should not be presented only as a simple laboratory activities to develop a new tools, solutions and technological processes in natural gas sector. With the rapid development of the natural gas sector in the world in many countries the process of transformation of the national industrial base with the use of natural gas has begun. Natural gas can also be considered as an important bridge to other alternative sources of energy derived from fuel and effective for the environment. In this article the latest trends in the natural gas sector are collected and presented.Item type:Article, Access status: Open Access , The retrograde condensation problem in natural gas pipeline transportation system(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2017) Włodek, TomaszNatural gas prepared for pipeline transportation must have appropriate parameters described in norms and standards. This entails a restrictive approach to acceptable changes in the composition of the natural gas in pipeline transmission system. The greater number of entry points to the pipeline transmission system causes a greater probability of natural gas diversity in terms of the content of its individual components. It particularly concerns the natural gas sources in which treatment methods are not sufficiently accurate and also imported gas. In specific cases where natural gas with a higher content of heavier hydrocarbons such as propane and butane will enter the transportation system, it is possible for the phenomenon of retrograde (reverse) condensation to occur. The occurrence of the two-phase system significantly worsens the pipeline transport conditions, causing significant pressure drops of transported natural gas. The article examines cases where the phenomenon of retrograde (reverse) condensation occurred in the pipeline transportation of natural gas.Item type:Article, Access status: Open Access , Application of Raman spectroscopy analysis in unconventional natural gas reservoirs - density and pressure dependence on Raman signal intensity(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2017) Kuczyński, Szymon; Włodek, Tomasz; Smulski, Rafał; Dąbrowski, Karol; Krakowiak, Mirosław; Barbacki, Jan; Pawłowski, MateuszThis paper contains information about Raman spectroscopy, describing its possible application in the oil and gas industry. This method allows the performance of a series of repetitive measurements to determine the composition of samples and its changes with high accuracy. In the article, the data presented in the literature connected with Raman spectroscopy and the oil and gas industry is analyzed. This paper considered measurements of a natural gas composition in simulated in-situ conditions performed using Raman spectroscopy. The current research project is trying to develop a mobile apparatus which would use Raman spectroscopy for defining reservoir fluid compounds in high pressure and high temperature conditions. The preliminary measurements were carried out in the simulated in-situ in variant pressure conditions.Item type:Article, Access status: Open Access , Technical and economic issues of offshore pipeline carbon dioxide transportation(2014) Włodek, Tomasz; Kuczyński, Szymon; Hendel, JacekThe technical and economic conditions of carbon dioxide offshore pipeline transportation are presented in this paper. The basie conditions in which carbon dioxide will be transported, as well as the thermodynamic conditions, physicochemical properties and technical parameters, relevant to $CO_2$ pipeline transport, are addressed in this article. The basie costs of pipeline carbon dioxide transport are also considered. The carbon dioxide flow was simulated for a few pipeline diameter sizes to determine the operating pressure of the pipeline for various maximum mass flow rate values. Different conditions of $CO_2$ flow including impact of ambient conditions were analyzed. There is also included an analysis of technological systems and installation concepts for carbon dioxide preparation for efficient pipeline transportation.Item type:Article, Access status: Open Access , Characterization of natural gas by Raman spectroscopy and its application for in-situ measurements(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2018) Dąbrowski, Karol; Kuczyński, Szymon; Włodek, Tomasz; Smulski, Rafał; Barbacki, JanGaseous hydrocarbons and nitrogen mixtures are characterized with an own designed portable Raman system equipped with a high pressure autoclave and fiber-optic probe. Backscattered radiation is collected through a sapphire window with a probe and transferred to the spectrometer. Samples are measured for a set of pressures in the range of 1-150 bar in ambient temperature. Measurement conditions are set to maintain an one-phase system. Spectra are collected in a wide range of wavenumber 350-3500 cm -1. Initial composition of measured samples is measured be means of gas chromatography. Design computer algorithms automatically detects and characterizes Raman bands for given species and their peak areas. The influence of both pressure and concentration of a given element on given band position and area are demonstrated.Item type:Article, Access status: Open Access , Thermodynamic analysis of hydrogen pipeline transportation – selected aspects(2016) Włodek, Tomasz; Łaciak, Mariusz; Kurowska, Katarzyna; Węgrzyn, ŁukaszNowadays we can observe an increasing seek for a new alternatives for the sources and devices of energy storage. One of those sources is hydrogen which can be used in process of energy storage (analogous for compressed air). Hydrogen energy storage facility (in most cases – salt caverns) is often located at long distance from hydrogen source. Due to high amount of hydrogen to be transported transport by tank trucks must be rejected because of its low efficiency. The optimal way of hydrogen transport is pipeline transportation. Hydrogen can be transported by pipeline as a pure fluid or as a component in natural gas mixture. The main target of this paper is the thermodynamic analysis of hydrogen pipeline transportation as a pure fluid or as component of natural gas. Provided analysis includes pressure drop and temperature changes for different assumed cases of hydrogen pipeline transport.Item type:Article, Access status: Open Access , Wybrane aspekty techniczne rurociągowego transportu dwutlenku węgla(2012) Włodek, TomaszPozyskiwanie energii z węgla wiąże się z coraz większymi wyzwaniami w świetle światowych trendów związanych z ograniczeniem emisji dwutlenku węgla jako jednego z tzw. gazów cieplarnianych. Jednym ze sposobów redukcji emisji $CO_{2}$ jest wdrożenie technologii jego wychwytywania i geologicznego składowania. Podstawowym i integralnym etapem całego łańcucha technologii CCS łączącym wychwyt i składowanie jest transport dwutlenku węgla. Transport dużych ilości $CO_{2}$ (rzędu 2-10 MtCO$_{2}$/rok) na dużą odległość jest ekonomicznie uzasadniony tylko za pomocą rurociągów. Technicznie dwutlenek węgla może być transportowany w stanie nadkrytycznym oraz jako ciecz w warunkach ciśnienia nadkrytycznego. Położenie punktu krytycznego $CO_{2}$ (Pc = 7,38 MPa, Tc = 31,1 stopni Celsjusza) sugeruje przesył w zakresie bardzo wysokich ciśnień (8-15 MPa). Dodatkowo w przypadku utrzymywania stanu nadkrytycznego na całej długości rurociągu wymagane jest utrzymanie wysokiej temperatury, co jest bardzo energochłonne, wskazane jest także zastosowanie izolacji termicznej rurociągu, co dodatkowo zwiększa nakłady inwestycyjne. Natomiast opory przepływu transportowanego $CO_{2}$ w fazie ciekłej są znacznie mniejsze. W artykule przedstawione zostaną podstawowe założenia projektowe rurociągowego transportu $CO_{2}$, takich jak: wybór trasy, dobór średnicy rurociągu, wymagania materiałowe oraz koncepcje układów technologicznych. Przedstawione zostaną także wyniki symulacji przepływu strumienia dwutlenku węgla dla kilku odrębnych przypadków: stałego wydatku masowego, stałej średnicy rurociągu, zmiennego składu strumienia $CO_{2}$ oraz analizy zmian temperatury transportowanego dwutlenku węgla.