Ćwiklik, Michał
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inżynieria środowiska, górnictwo i energetyka
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Item type:Article, Access status: Open Access , Recognition of the flysch substrate using the electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) method to assess the effectiveness of the injection process(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2023) Ćwiklik, Michał; Pasierb, Bernadetta; Porzucek, SławomirDuring the construction of a section of the S-7 Lubień – Rabka-Zdrój dual expressway, located in the area of the Carpathian flysch (Carpathian Flysch Belt, South Poland), damage to the embankment was observed, as well as cracks and depressions in the new pavement. An analysis of the geological and engineering conditions in the area of the road section under construction showed the existence of a complex tectonic structure of the flysch formations, a shallow groundwater table, and numerous landslides. In order to stabilize the road substrate, it was decided to carry out injections, and the locations of these injections were initially geotechnically tested. However, due to the high variability of the geological structure, the target method employed was electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), which performed the survey in two stages. In Stage I, the geoelectrical/geochemical structure of the near-surface zone was identified, and the probable causes of road damage were indicated. This stage was completed by performing the stabilization and sealing process of the ground with an injection mixture. In Stage II, studies were carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the injection process. The ERT method effectively identified the shallow geological structure and, in particular, delineated the zone of strong fractures in the flysch and areas associated with faults. Using the electrical resistivity tomography method, it was also possible to determine the injection mixture’s approximate penetration depth and the loosening zone’s degree of filling.Item type:Article, Access status: Open Access , 2D Electrical Resistivity Tomography interpretation ambiguity - example of field studies supported with analogue and numerical modelling(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2013) Bania, Grzegorz; Ćwiklik, MichałSingle Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) survey was carried out in the Manor and Park Complex in Nowa Huta (Krakow Branice, Poland). It was applied at a small distance and parallel to the longer wall of a monumental building containing an empty 3 m deep basement. Analogue modelling was performed in order to recreate the field study at the proper scale. The laboratory set-up consisted of a water tank where electrodes were mounted to the particular plate, which rested on water surface. The basement model was made out of a non-conducting material. The default and robust inversions were tested and these variants were also considered with the use of numerical modelling. Laboratory experiments have confirmed that zones visible in the interpreted field section are caused by the influence of the building cellar located next to the survey line. Zones of this kind are additionally disturbed by the local geological structure. The experiment has pointed out, among others, that as the distance between the survey line and the underground body increases, the inversion results are still burdened by an object influence. Thus, similar situations can be verified with the use of analogue modelling presented in this paper or 3D numerical one.Item type:Article, Access status: Open Access , Characterization of near-surface sediments based on Electrical Resistivity Tomography measurements in the vicinity of the Wawel Hill (Krakow, Poland)(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2013) Ćwiklik, MichałThe Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) method was applied at the SW foot of the Wawel Hill was applied. The survey was carried out along five survey lines (P1-P5), 50 m long each. The Wenner alpha array with spacing a = 0.5 m, 1.0 m, 1.5 m, 2.0 m, 2.5 m, 4.0 m, 5.5 m, 7.5 m, and 10.0 m was used. The basic electrode spacing was 0.5 m. In apparent resistivity contours and sections we can distinguish two zones, which have noticeably different resistivity values. The low resistivity zone dominates in the deeper part of the section on all survey lines, especially on the profiles located in the close neighbourhood of the Vistula River. The relative high resistivity zone is probably the effect of complex local geology, as well as the influence of the limestone of the Wawel Hill. Based on ERT inversion results, three resistivity zones were distinguished. Then the probable lithological or/and anthropogenic character was assigned to them. The shallowest zone has the thickness of about 0.5 m and results probably from accumulation of weathered limestone fragments derived from the Wawel Hill. It may be that high resistivity zones have anthropogenic character. Below, a zone of water-bearing sands was recorded, which may result from redevelopment and reclamation of this area. Thickness of this zone increases towards the Vistula River. Another zone, which can be identified with limestone, was identified on survey lines P4 and P5. This could also be result of accumulation of the calcareous debris for the purpose of planation of the area. In order to generalize and simplify the characterization of the quaternary sediments, ID interpretation was made. The method allows us to estimate the depth of groundwater, which in that place is about 5 m.