(2025) Kopacz, Michał; Szewczyk, Piotr K.; Długoń, Elżbieta; Berniak, Krzysztof; Nizioł, Jacek; Jeleń, Piotr; Sitarz, Maciej; Stachewicz, Urszula Wydział Inżynierii Metali i Informatyki Przemysłowej
Integrating electronics into textiles has the potential to revolutionize wearable devices, but achieving conductivity without compromising breathability and flexibility remains a challenge. Electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) fibers offer a porous and flexible scaffold but are inherently insulating. Previous methods for adding conductivity often reduce vapor permeability and mechanical performance. Here, this study reports a two-step fabrication strategy using electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) onto electrospun PVDF fibers, resulting in highly conductive (80 $\pm$ 6 $\Omega$), porous, and stretchable mats (elongation of ≈600%). The EPD process enables tunable conductivity while preserving fiber structure and water vapor transmission. The mats achieve significantly lower impedance and enhanced mechanical performance compared to existing coatings. This study demonstrates the use of these composites as sensors capable of detecting pressure, motion, respiration, and temperature. This multifunctionality, combined with scalable fabrication, highlights their potential in smart textiles. These findings open new opportunities for designing wearable sensors that unite functionality, user comfort, and durability.
