Sowiżdżał, Anna
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nauki o Ziemi i środowisku
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Item type:Article, Access status: Open Access , Study of wind power utilization in district heating systemsin the Westfjords, Iceland(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2019) Mathews, Kamil; Sowiżdżał, AnnaSome Renewable Energy Sources (RES), such as wind power, are often regarded as intermittent. That means they are not available on demand, but rather depend on external conditions e.g. such as the weather. In order to manage these resources, it is advised to combine them with energy storage or other energy sectors, what is known as »sector coupling«. This approach is set to mitigate the negative impact of unstable renewable energy sources and manage the generated surpluses. In this study, a system combining wind turbines, district heating network and short-term thermal energy storage was proposed and examined for the instance of the Westfjords, Iceland. Ísafjörður, Patreksfjörður, Bolungarvík and Flateyri are the exemplary communities with existing district heating networks, chosen to investigate the implementation of the system. A short review of the current state of the energy sector in Iceland was provided to present the local conditions. Wind potential in the described area was estimated as high in comparison with average wind turbine generation in the European Union and a few instances of wind turbines placement were analyzed in this study. For locations close to the district heating net-work, a long-term correlation between power generation and usage was proven. However, locating wind turbines in places with better wind conditions, provides stable output and a similar amount of energy produced by fewer generators.Item type:Article, Access status: Open Access , Numerical modeling of a potential CO2-supplied enhanced geothermal system (CO2-EGS) in the Asgard field, Norway(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2024) Miecznik, Maciej; Tyszer, Magdalena; Sowiżdżał, Anna; Andresen, Trond; Frengstad, Bjorn S.; Stenvik, Lars A.; Pierzchała, Karol; Gładysz, PawełThe principle of Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) technology is that water injected at a sufficiently high pressure will lead to the fracturing of naturally impermeable rocks, and as a result, this will create hydraulic communication between wells. In this way, reservoirs not previously considered to be perspective can provide geothermal heat to the surface. Since nearly two decades, $CO_{2}$ is considered, mostly theoretically, as a working fluid that can potentially provide higher net power output than water in EGS’s installation. In this respect, the possibility of accessing high-temperature heat from the Are and Tilje formations located on the shelf of the Norwegian Sea was analysed. The estimated temperature at the reservoir depth of 4,500–5,000 m is not less than 165°C. For this, a 3D numerical modelling was performed in order to analyse 10 different scenarios for heat extraction using supercritical $CO_{2}$ ($sCO_{2}$) as a working fluid. Results indicate that appropriate matching of the mass flow and temperature of the injected $CO_{2}$ allows to avoid premature temperature decline in the reservoir. However, as Are and Tilje formations are built from highly porous and relatively highly permeable rocks, the fluid entering the production well will always be a mixture of $CO_{2}$ and water. This is advantageous from the point of view that a significant part of the injected $CO_{2}$ is trapped in the reservoir, while the higher water content in the production well allows a significant temperature drop during fluid extraction to the surface to be avoided.Item type:Article, Access status: Open Access , Petrogeothermal energy resources within low-temperature areas of Iceland(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2016) Sowiżdżał, Anna; Chmielowska, AnnaIceland remains one of the leading countries in the field of the utilization of geothermal energy worldwide. Despite its knowledge and tremendous experience in the exploitation of mostly high-temperature geothermal energy resources (water and steam), it has been interested in the possibility of harnessing heat from hot rock formations with the implementation of the Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS). This paper presents the main outcomes of the feasibility study of EGS technology within the low-temperature area of the country. It includes broad geological research that constitutes the background for finding a suitable site for an EGS installation and to determine the local thermal parameters together with rock characteristics. To calculate the amount of heat stored within the preordained HDR formation and ascertain that the deployment of the EGS within the lowtemperature area of Hólmavík town (NW Iceland) is plausible, the term of static resources of energy was applied. Considering the geological issue, it emerged that within the low-temperature areas of Iceland, there are excellent lithological (mainly porous lava layers) as well as thermal conditions (relatively high heat flow and geothermal gradient values) for the implementation of EGS technology for providing heat for small district heating networks. The amount of energy stored within the designed rock formation turned out to be significant and more than sufficient to cover the energy demands of Hólmavík town. The authors also emphasize the importance of running several exchange programs between Polish and Icelandic research and academic centers, with the indication of possible benefits for the Polish geothermal energy sector.Item type:Article, Access status: Open Access , Zasoby geotermalne warstw wodonośnych dolnej jury w niecce szczecińskiej(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2009) Sowiżdżał, AnnaThe paper presents results of estimation of geothermal energy resources accumulated in Lower Jurassic formation in Szczecin Trough. Calculations of resources were carried out in respective categories, in particular static geothermal energy resources, static recoverable geothermal resources and disposable geothermal reserves. Range and amounts of disposable geothermal energy resources determinate areas where geothermal plants could be constructed.