Geology, Geophysics & Environment
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ISSN 2299-8004
e-ISSN: 2353-0790
Issue Date
2012
Volume
Vol. 38
Number
No. 4
Description
Journal Volume
Geology, Geophysics & Environment
Vol. 38 (2012)
Projects
Pages
Articles
Hydrothermal fluids influence on the thermal evolution of the Stephanian sequence, the Sabero Coalfield (NW Spain)
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2012) Botor, Dariusz
In the present study, the thermal history of the Late Carboniferous (Stephanian) coal-bearing sediments of the Sabero Coalfield has been reconstructed in order to elucidate coal rank. The Sabero Coalfield is located in a small intramontane coal-bearing basin along the Sabero-Gordón fault zone, one of the major E-W trending strike-slip fault systems of the southern part of the Cantabrian Zone (NW Spain). The total thickness of the Stephanian succession is in excess of 2,000 m, and is composed of siliclastic rocks and intercalated coal seams with tonsteins. Mean vitrinite reflectance values in the Stephanian rocks in the Sabero Coalfield are in the range from 0.61 to 3.14% Rr, but most values are in the range from 0.8 to 1.5% Rr (based on 84 samples). Average vitrinite reflectance gradient is high (0.73% Rr/km), which suggests high value of average paleogeothermal gradient (52°C/km). The maximum paleotemperatures calculated from vitrinite reflectance values for the Stephanian rocks range between 89°C (top of the Stephanian) and 195°C (bottom of the Stephanian). Coalification of the organic matter in the Stephanian rocks was achieved in the Early Permian, and was most likely related to several almost simultaneous related to magmatic and hydrothermal activity during high subsidence period in the pull-apart basin. The primary, burial-related maturity pattern, was probably slightly overprinted by fluid migration event, which is supposed to have occurred in Early Permian time.
Application of electromagnetic field modelling in GPR investigations of an historic tenement
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2012) Czaja, Klaudia
The article presents the results of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) measurements carried out in a historic tenement in Krakow. The aim of this study was to check if there is a basement under the apartment's floor. In order to verify the results, modelling attempt of electromagnetic field evolution in the medium was undertaken. The numerical simulation of GPR impulse passage in the medium uses the finite-difference time-domain method (FDTD). Synthetic radargrams obtained as a result of the modelling were compared with measurements processed radargrams.
Holocene malacofauna on the Cieszyn Beds calcareous substrate at the Tuł Hill (Flysch Carpatians, Poland)
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2012) Gołas-Siarzewska, Magdalena
The Cieszyn Beds (Jurassic/Cretaceous) in the Flysch Carpathians (Southern Poland) contain limestones, which create favourable conditions enabling the preservation of the Holocene mollusc shells in the overlying soils. The malacofauna found at the Tul Hill in the soil underlain by the limestones, and containig their fragments, confirms the conditions enabling migration of the species between the regions located south of the Carpathian range and the lowlands to the north. The dominating species are represented by the mollusc associations living in the woodlands. This study reports the presence of a unique species Orcula doliolum (Brug.) in the Tuł Hill area. Detailed biometric measurements on the shells of this species show no variation by comparison with similar studies conducted by previous authors at other isolated localities throughout Europe.
Aqueous cadmium removal by hydroxylapatite and fluoroapatite
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2012) Matusik, Jakub; Bajda, Tomasz; Manecki, Maciej
Reducing the bioavailability of toxic heavy metals in groundwaters and urban soils by phosphate addition is an effective technique described in the literature. It is based on the reaction between metal ions and phosphates and results in the precipitation of metal substituted phosphate phases. The formed phosphates are highly insoluble and thermodynamically stable over almost entire pH and Eh range. In the presented study the efficiency and mechanism of cadmium uptake by synthetic hydroxylapatite and natural fluoroapatite was examined within the pH range of 3-7 for different reaction times (2—1440 hours). The solids after reactions were characterized by XRD and SEM-EDS. Percentage reduction of cadmium concentration in the experiments with fluoroapatite and hydroxylapatite, regardless of pH, did not exceed 17% and 25%, respectively. Cadmium uptake from the solution mainly resulted from the formation of cadmium phosphates and/or Ca-Cd phosphate solid solutions on the apatites surface. The release rate of phosphate ions by hydroxylapatite was relatively high. This promoted crystallization of a large number of small crystals. In turn dissolution of fluoroapatite was slower and thus the formation of large crystals was observed. There was no clear evidence for cadmium-calcium ion-exchange mechanism.
Practical application of high resolution ground penetrating radar method inside buildings
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2012) Mazurek, Ewelina; Łyskowski, Mikołaj
An infrastructure development requires a precise indoor localization plan of cables, pipes or reinforcing elements. Due to the age of many buildings in Poland such plans often do not exist or do not contain the evidence of numerous activities carried out over years like repairs or modifications. Due to this situation demands for application of geophysical methods grow, especially with respect to the Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) method. A possibility of precise localization of hidden objects arises with the use of high frequency antennas together and with precise measuring grid. Research carried out at the request of one of the departments of AGH University of Science and Technology in building B2 showed great potential of GPR methods in this field. The study was devoted to recognition of structure of the concrete floor. The obtained results gave very precise location of numerous objects of interest and they became a good sample of high resolution investigations. The survey was performed with ProEx unit, produced by a Swedish company - Mala Geoscience, which is in the possession of the Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection.