Numer czasopisma
Computer Methods in Materials Science
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ISSN: 2720-4081
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Data wydania
2023
Rocznik
Vol. 23
Numer
No. 4
Prawa dostępu
Dostęp: otwarty dostęp
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Prawa: CC BY 4.0 
Uznanie autorstwa 4.0 Międzynarodowe (CC BY 4.0)
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Opis
Rocznik czasopisma (rel.)
Rocznik czasopisma
Computer Methods in Materials Science
Vol. 23 (2023)
Artykuły numeru (rel.)
Artykuł
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The influence of aging on buckle strength loss in AA5182-H48 for beverage can ends
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2023) Kokoszka, Paweł; Milenin, Andriy
The paper examines the influence of aging on buckling strength loss for aluminum alloy 5182 beverage can ends. In the experimental study, aging took place naturally and artificially. For the buckling strength testing, a special experimental technique was used, which was based on measuring the internal pressure leading to the destruction of the beverage can ends. The experimental results show that the beverage can ends indicate a significant time-dependent buckle strength loss. For example, a year of aging can end at 20°C leading to a decrease in its strength by 5%. Half of this decrease occurs in the first 3–4 weeks. The aging phenomenon also got worse with increasing temperature. It has been found that increasing the aging temperature to 40°C results in an 8% reduction in buckling strength after 4 weeks of aging. The whole life cycle, from its production to the processes it undergoes and storage time, was analyzed. At the same time, tests were carried out for both the input material and the product itself. On this basis, the mechanical properties and their change depending on time or temperature were examined. All specimens made from can end stock (CES) were also found to not show the same drop of mechanical properties as for the buckling of finished ends. The obtained experimental allowed the development of an empirical mathematical model that makes it possible to predict the buckling strength of the can end depending on the conditions of aging and temperature of testing. The present study showed the importance of temperature conditions used in can filling lines in the determination of resistance to changes in buckling for the ends.
Artykuł
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Simulation analysis for the efficiency enhancement of Sb2S3 solar cell using SCAPS-1D
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2023) Oglah, Mubarak Hamad; Mahmood, Watban Ibrahim; Basheer Adday, Nawras
The simulation analysis was performed to enhance the efficiency of Sb2S3 solar cells using the SCAPS-1D software. The $Sb_{2}S_{3}$ compound was used as the absorber layer in the solar cell. The simulation was conducted to verify the efficiency and accuracy of the results obtained from the program. The results were found to be in agreement with the practical results. The original cell’s efficiency was 11.47% with a fill factor of 61.18%, and after the simulation, the efficiency was found to be 11.43% with a fill factor of 61.2%. To enhance the efficiency of the solar cell, a reflective background layer (BSL) was added. Different BSL layers were examined, including SnS, Si, CIGS, CZTSSe, and $CU_{S}bS_{3}$, and the best reflective layer was found to be $CU_{S}bS_{3}$. The solar cell structure was designed as follows: $glass/Mo/CUSbS_{3}/Sb_{2}S_{3}/CdS/i:ZnO/AL:ZnO$. After adding the reflective layer, the efficiency of the solar cell was found to be 20.59% with a fill factor of 87.53%. The results suggest that adding reflective layers to solar cells can enhance their performance and increase their efficiency.
Artykuł
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Electrical and thermal analysis for the copper removal process in an electric furnace
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2023) Zybała, Radosław; Golak, Sławomir; Sak,Tomasz; Madej, Piotr
The article presents an electrical model of a resistance furnace with two electrodes encompassing the generation of Joule heat. The characteristic feature of this model was the consideration of contact resistance between the electrodes and the slag. A series of analyses were conducted based on this model. Firstly, the impact of contact resistance on current flow and Joule heat generation in the furnace was assessed, demonstrating its significant importance. A separate group of analyses focused on the spatial configuration of the furnace and its interaction with the aforementioned phenomena. The impact of symmetric and asymmetric electrodes immersion was analysed. In addition to the impact on current flow, the study also demonstrated the influence on the natural convection mechanism described by the proposed measures of the spatial non-uniformity of heat generation. The research showed that symmetric electrode immersion allows for the generation of more heat in the system at a constant voltage. Asymmetric electrodes immersion causes an increase in the non-uniformity of heat generation, which translates into a higher intensity of natural convection.
Artykuł
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Numerical modelling of continuous laser welding of S355J2 steel using a volumetric heat source
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2023) Siwek, Aleksander; Kąc, Sławomir; Pikuła, Janusz
Numerical modelling of laser welding requires that numerous strongly coupled physical phenomena be taken into account. A laser is a source of welding heat characterized by the small size of the heating volume and the shape of the fusion zone has a marked impact on the quality of the weld. In this work, a conical heat source was used with geometrical parameters to give the appropriate profile of the fusion line. The use of the weld shape factor and the dependence of the power density on the linear welding energy increases the accuracy of matching the calculated shape of the fusion line. The heat source was tested for the continuous welding case of a sheet made of steel type S355J2. The CFD software ANSYS Fluent was used to calculate the welding model. The temperature field, calculated using the finite volume method, was used to calculate the phase composition and fusion zone profile tracking. The nodes of the model reaching the maximum solidus temperature of S355J2 steel, form the profile of the fusion zone. The laser welding model allows for tracking of the kinetics of phase transformations in the cooling stage. Continuous cooling transformation phase diagram data is loaded for the welded steel grade. The calculation results of the welding model were compared with the weld micrographs.
Artykuł
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Exploration of cellular automata: a comprehensive review of dynamic modeling across biology, computer and materials science
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2023) Vodka, Oleksii O.; Shapovalova, Mariia I.
This paper delves into the expansive world of cellular automata (CA), abstract models of computation comprised of cells that interact based on predefined rules. Originating from John von Neumann’s work in the 1940s, CA has evolved into a multidisciplinary field with applications ranging from mathematical concepts to complex simulations of biological, physical, computer science, material science, and social systems. The paper reviews its historical development, emphasizing John Conway’s influential Game of Life and Burk’s seminar collection. The authors categorize and explore a myriad of CA topics, including self-replicating automata, the universality of computation, compromises in CA, variants, applications in biological systems, fault-tolerant computation, pattern recognition, CA games, fractals, dynamic properties, complexity, image processing, cryptography, bioinformatics, materials modeling, probabilistic automata, and contemporary research. The significance of cellular automata for materials modeling cannot be overstated and considerable attention has been devoted to the issues of modeling nucleation and recrystallization. The review aims to provide a comprehensive resource for both beginners and experts in the field, shedding light on cellular automata’s dynamic and diverse applications in various aspects of life and scientific inquiry.