Artykuły (CN-górnictwo)

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repo.agh.edu.pl/handle/AGH/102839

Artykuły czasopisma Górnictwo i Geoinżynieria

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Access status: Open Access ,
20 lat kruszyw w polskiej gospodarce. Historia, teraźniejszość, przyszłość
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2010) Kabziński, Aleksander Mikołaj
Without air, water and... aggregates there is no life and economic activity. The production of aggregates, cheap, common, available building material is the answer for the economy's demand, including the construction industry. The time from political and economical transformation of 1989 is the example of cyclical downfalls, stabilizations and growth periods, even with insufficient supply times. There is a proven dependence between GDP and the demand for aggregates. Nowadays, aggregates are both natural (including crushed and sand-gravel aggregates) and artificial, including those from recycling. The quantitative majority of the former does not allow to ignore the latter. During last 20 years the aggregate industry gathered different experiences. From the processes of ownership changes, through technical and technological changes, implementing European standards of aggregate quality to becoming a decent player in the European aggregate industry. The paper presents experiences, evaluations and prognosis the come out of the activity of industry's leading organization - Polish Association of Aggregates Producers Employers that is closely related with the representative group of producers with different quality and quantity of production, but also different capital structure and way of functioning. The prognosis about market demand and production capacity is presented together with threats that may become obstacles in fulfilling the industry's most important task: providing the growing economy with aggregates. The paper describes the experiences of other countries, both old and new members of European Union and Polish experiences that come out of our six- year presence in its structures.
Access status: Open Access ,
2D radar technology increasing productivity by volumetric control and hopper car positioning in brown coal mining
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2011) Winkel, Reik; Augustin, Christian; Nienhaus, Karl
The continuous brown coal mining technology has been highly advancing by mechanical design within the last decades. The driving factor has been the demand for increasing productivity and total availability. Indurad - the industrial radar company - addresses both of these factors with its solutions in increasing the utilization of mining machinery. Indurads technological solutions are helping to optimize the brown coal flow chain from across the. Starting at the excavators working bench (cutting depth control) via the belt transfer units (positioning), on the conveyor belt (volumetric flow) and finally to the stockpile volume scan (stockpile inventory control). The key for its solutions is a highly robust unique two-dimensional radar technology which has been specially developed for the rough mining environment. Within the paper successful applications are shown for the German brown coal mining as well as other solutions realized with Indurad's technology in the global mining industry.
Access status: Open Access ,
55-lecie pracy naukowej prof. zw. dra hab. inż. Kazimierza Sztaby
(2006)
Access status: Open Access ,
Adaptacja dąbrowskiej »Sztygarki« na podziemną trasę turystyczną
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2009) Chmura, Janusz; Wójcik, Andrzej J.
The training mine in Dąbrowa Górnicza was for years a place where the students of mining schools had the opportunity to get acquainted with the machines and technologies applied in underground mining. At present it is a specific mining object that may and should serve as a museum. The creation of a historic object, an experimental mine including, is a very difficult task. It involves both the economic (relevant preservation and adaptation of the workings) and legal issues (adaptation of the geological, mining and building regulations). When planning the adaptation of an industrial object, its specific features have to be considered. All these operations will result in the transformation of a typical industrial object into a museum, a tourist educational attraction that promotes industrial places of interest and the history of the region.
Access status: Open Access ,
Adaptacja historycznych kanałów kanalizacyjnych na potrzeby podziemnych tras turystycznych (PTT)
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2011) Wieja, Tomasz; Wartak, Karolina
Historic sewage channels are remarkable engineering structures of high architectural values. In consequence of their magnificence, they are compared to monumental basements, passages etc. Because of their uniqueness, the possibility of adaptation for touristic purposes is seriously considered. The article identifies threats, defines formal and technical requirements in terms of individual or partial adaptation. As far as the impact of impurities on health is considered it is of great importance to examine channels for the possibility of bacteriological threats.
Access status: Open Access ,
Aktualizacja modelu stratygraficznego złoża węgla brunatnego Bełchatów - Pole Bełchatów przy użyciu oprogramowania Mincom
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2009) Frankowski, Ryszard; Gądek, Andrzej
After four years of utilizing digital model of the deposit, in result of drilling many new research drill holes, in the beginning of this year (2009) undertaken was the task to update the possessed model in the area of »Bełchatów« field. In the result of gained experiences introduced was a new way of creating contour lines based surfaces, that are used to apply trends to geological layers modeled. This new approach to the process of creating of trend contour lines as well as taking into consideration new drillings and associated new quality samples results in better quality and better match between model and the reality uncovered in result of exploitation being carried. Currently the updated model allows for more reliable and more accurate mine plans to be created. This article describes work performed by Geological department of PGE KWB »Bełchatów« SA (Bełchatów mine) in cooperation with Katowice (Poland) branch of Mincom International.
Access status: Open Access ,
Aktywność sejsmiczna górotworu podczas prowadzenia eksploatacji pokładów tąpiących w KWK »Wesoła«
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2005) Chyłek, Wiesław
This paper shows the analysis of rock mass seismic activity during excavation of coal seams 501 and 510 in underground coal mine »Wesoła«. A new index describing intensity of seismic energy emission. It is calculated as a quotient of seismic energy to the area of performed excavation. He proposed index may be helpful in the rock burst hazard prediction.
Access status: Open Access ,
Aktywność sejsmiczna w górotworze o niskich parametrach wytrzymałościowych na przykładzie KWK »Ziemowit«
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2009) Gołda, Adrian; Gębiś, Tadeusz; Śladowski, Grzegorz; Moszko, Mirosław
High seismic activity on Coal Mine »Ziemowit«, occurred at the beginning of the eighties, was a big surprise for a mining science. Mining seismicity has been connected with exploitation of coal seams 207, 208 and 209 - łaziskie series. Theory, that low strength rock formations cannot generate high energetic tremors (106-107 J and more) has been verified by the reality. Since that time a Geophysics Station on Coal Mine »Ziemowit« has recorded more than 1300 such tremors. In this paper level of seismic activity and rockburst hazard in Coal Mine »Ziemowit« is presented. Changes in the way of calculating rockburst hazard were presented and further studies of mine tremors phenomena were considered. Issues described in this paper were presented on the 14th European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics of the Near Surface Geoscience Division of European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers.
Access status: Open Access ,
Algorytmy automatycznego wyliczania bilansu mas węgla surowego oraz skały płonnej przy drążeniu chodników
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2011) Krowiak, Andrzej
In the article mathematical models being used to automating calculations of balance of masses of raw coal and the barren rock were described, for each of working days comprising for the project of opening deposits (driving of the galleries). Three types of algorithms were considered: for the model assuming the successive performance of excavations, for the model taking into account the division of individual excavations into intervals differing indeed the proportion of raw coal and the waste rock and the model assuming parallel driving a few excavations. Enumerated functions are suitable to direct utilization, after defining entrance data.
Access status: Open Access ,
Alternatywne metody pozyskiwania energii z węgla brunatnego
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2009) Iciek, Jan; Ziemiński, Krzysztof; Zawadzka, Alicja; Kowalska, Monika
The significant supplies of brown coal in Poland make possible search the solutions, which make possible the exploitation of deposits about small supplies or the layers of carbon of the young which characterize with low caloricitiy. The costs logging of energy in traditional way will rise because of burning the carbon grew up with attention on requirement. The methods of traditional exploitation of brown coal can also encounter on technological difficulties as well as the opposition of local communities. The underground gasification of brown coal can turn out with future technology in case using deposits about small volume. Received in result of process UCG - the syngas or the biogas being the product of biogasification, the balanced alternative fuels can make up.
Access status: Open Access ,
Analiza aktualnie stosowanych środków profilaktycznych dla zagrożenia pyłowego
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2010) Szponder, Tadeusz; Swolkień, Justyna; Kapusta, Mariusz
The general characteristic of dust hazard in mining is shown in the paper. Specification of basic methods and measures to prevent this hazard is presented as well. The best method of fighting against the dustiness is to reduce the level of dust emission at the source. This report describes the most effective method in dust precipitation in air with help of optimum liquid atomizing by spraying plants.
Access status: Open Access ,
Analiza aktywności sejsmicznej w zakresie zjawisk śladowych i słabych w korelacji z wynikami tomografii pasywnej na przykładzie pola eksploatacyjnego G-7/5 O/ZG Rudna KGHM S.A.
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2011) Takuska-Węgrzyn, Ewa Xenia
The article presents the results of an activity analysis of trace and weak seismic phenomena, supported by the passive tomography results. The analysis was conducted on the area of the G-7/5 O/ZG Rudna KGHM SA exploitation field between 2008 and 2010. The analysis revealed that the hypocentres of the strong tremors foci of the orogen were not connected with the zones of high velocity of P wave propagation. However, correlations of the zone of very low velocity field with the zones of current weak seismicity were observed. It was also observed that trace activity does not make it possible to predict high energy tremors.
Access status: Open Access ,
Analiza dokonanej eksploatacji oraz sposobu dalszego prowadzenia robót eksploatacyjnych w polu G-7/5 O/ZG »Rudna«
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2011) Butra, Jan; Dębkowski, Rafał; Iwulski, Zdzisław; Szpak, Marcin
In the paper geological and mining technology conditions in »G-7/5« panel of Rudna Cooper Mine was described. The mining process started in 2002 is presented as well. The results of rock mass observations and measurements were characterized and seismic hazard in »G-7/5« panel was evaluated. Ore body in »G-7/5« panel is located at a depth of 870 m in the downthrown side of »Biedrzychowa« fault. »G-7/5« panel is composed of three smaller excavation blocks. Hard geological and mining conditions in this panel, especially in block »A«, often result in mining direction changes e.g. toward old workings and yielding zones. At present in block »A« liquidation works are carried out. In block »B« face-entry drivage was started in August 2010. Depending on activity level, during mining in that area between October 2009 and September 2010, three different periods can be distinguished. They correspond with the specific character of mining works and prevention methods against seismic activity hazard. Location of mining tremors indicate that many of them occurred in faults lines running through the working area in »G-7/5« panel and on the block development edges. Due to tectonic dislocations in this area, mining in »G-7/5« panel was connected with relatively high level of bumps and roof falls hazard.
Access status: Open Access ,
Analiza drgań powierzchni terenu wywołanych pękaniem warstw skalnych
(2007) Walaszczyk, Jan; Wiewiórka, Dariusz
There is computer modeling of strata cracking and influence this cracking on the surface presented in the paper. It was done for LGOM geological conditions. After several computer simulations results were digital processed. These results were performed as function of displacements, velocities and accelerations in the chosen points of numerical models.
Access status: Open Access ,
Analiza dynamicznego zachowania się belki stropu bezpośredniego będącego w jednoparametrowym kontakcie ze złożem w formie pokładu eksploatowanego na zawał
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2011) Paluch, Marian; Wosz, Ryszard Józef
In the article was described effect of the works concerning the direct roof strata deflection above the deposit mined by means of the long-wall system with roof destruction in the exploitation conditions of the black coal. A model of the roof has been defined as a brittle rock. The main constitute equations of the model includyt the faktor whith discrabing the dynamic process of mooving direct roof. In calculation long of the cantilever was 10 m, tall 12 m and the third dimension was 1 m.
Access status: Open Access ,
Analiza działania instrumentów ekonomicznych ochrony środowiska
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2005) Trzaskuś-Żak, Beata
This article describes the characteristics of operation of economic environmental instruments in Poland including legal regulations. There is described the instruments of direct (legal) and indirect (economics) regulations. There is also included the calculation of volume of environmental charges and fines as well as their payment in the years 1999-2003. Moreover the paper presents an analysis of mining damages expenses and environmental investment expenses.
Access status: Open Access ,
Analiza efektywności modelowania cyfrowego drgań budynku wywołanych wstrząsami górniczymi
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2009) Walaszczyk, Jan; Hachaj, Stanisław; Barnat, Andrzej
Dynamic occurrences caused by mining exploitation (e.g. the loss of rock mass stability) result in vibrations of both the rock mass and the building situated on its surface. There are many projects concentrating on measuring or predicting quakes mentioned above and vibrations caused by them. One of the ways of predicting vibrations is digital modeling (e.g. using the Finite Element Method). This type of modeling is restricted in many ways. The most important restrictions include difficulties in identifying digital model of rock mass and buildings, which makes the quality of test results in digital modeling still inefficient. In this paper, the quality of digital modeling is based on the comparison of building vibrations (modeled with FEM) with vibrations recorded with suitable geophysical devices. The basis of the comparison of modeled and measured vibrations is their spectral analysis.
Access status: Open Access ,
Analiza emisji akustycznej zarejestrowanej podczas ściskania próbek piaskowca i węgla
(2007) Gawryś, Jerzy; Krzysztoń, Danuta
Experimental investigation on rock mechanical and acoustic properties during the uniaxial and conventional triaxial compression has been conducted. The typical Carboniferous rock samples collected from the Upper Silesian Coal Basin were tested. The rock samples of diameter 30 mm and height 60 mm were compressed in a stiff testing machine. In triaxial compression a 70 MPa pressure chamber was used. The parameters of experiments were the rate of longitudinal strain rate of samples (10/-4 and 10/-2 s/-1) and the confining pressure (0, 10, 20, 30, 50 MPa). The acoustic emission was registered by a Bruel and Kjaer device. The piezoelectric transducers were used for converting vibrations caused by fracture process during the uniaxial compression and triaxial compression. The output voltage of these transducers was proportional to the acceleration of vibrations. The results of measurements are shown in diagram of rock compression in a stiff testing machine and on a diagram of acoustic emission registration during the complete process of compression and failure. The results obtained from the investigation of fine-grained sandstone and coal are presented in this work. For each experiment the cumulated value of impulses and the energy expressed by a sum of squared amplitudes were determined. Those values were related to the strain of a sample at the assumption that 100% of strain corresponds to the value of critical load (pressure). It was shown that the parameters of acoustic emission (the number and amplitude of registered impulses) and their distribution in relation to the stress-strain characteristic depend on the parameters of experiment (strain rate and confining pressure) as well as on the type of the rock. The frequency analysis was conducted for the chosen impulses of the cumulated activity diagram, referred to the stress-strain characteristic. The values of the obtained magnitudes: amplitude of spectrum, dominant frequency and time of impulse duration are presented for sandstone and coal samples correspondingly in tables. The analysis of the obtained results has shown that the increase in strain rate and in confining pressure influence the increase of acoustic parameter in sandstone and on the contrary, the decrease of this parameter in coal. It was observed that the influence of strain rate on the investigated acoustic magnitudes is greater then that of the confining pressure.
Access status: Open Access ,
Analiza maksymalnej wartości produkcji przy wzbogacaniu różnych klas ziarnowych węgla energetycznego w osadzarkach
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2010) Pielot, Joachim
Coal preparation plants are currently considering the introduction of more complex control procedures. Maximization of yields of desired quality saleable products or optimization of total economic effect of the plant production are main tasks for control systems at present. Design of such systems requires a thorough understanding of the whole technological process, its characteristics and interaction among unit operations in the plant. Computer simulation is a convenient tool for designing and evaluating complex coal preparation processes. It enables determination of expected results of coal processing and selection of an optimal strategy of the control of the whole plant [4]. In design of the coal preparation process control systems the computer simulation models are very useful. Computer simulation allows considering, in an efficient way, various variants of technological system solutions, analysing conditions of preparation process course in case of commercial contracts changed and while raw coals characteristics are changed [4]. In the paper an application of computer simulation program for coal preparation processes analysis and their control has been presented. The integral part of this software is an algorithm of searching the function algorithm of control target, i.e. the maximum production function of preset quality. The procedure how to determine the maximum production value has been presented in four exemplary technological systems with one, two or else three jigs. Results of power coal enrichment in considered technological systems have been presented in the paper. For four version of technological scheme and different production foredesign the optimal separation densities for each jigs have been calculated. The basic difference between four technological systems is connected with different size distribution of raw coal. Relative production value in considered cases have been show.
Access status: Open Access ,
Analiza mechanizmu rozdrabniania ziaren w młynie strumieniowo-fluidyzacyjnym
(2007) Zbroński, Daniel
The basis of comminution mechanism of grains in the fluidized bed opposed jet mills aren't satisfactory explained. It results from the difficulties to determine the influence of all parameters process on the evolution of particle size distribution of milling product. The theoretical analysis and experimental results for grinding tests of limestone on the laboratory fluidized bed opposed jet mill are presented in the paper. The aim of research was to explain the influence of initial graining fed material on the comminution mechanism of grains in the grinding chamber of mill. The analysis showed that comminution in the mill takes place as a result of superficial attrition of grains, dynamic breakage of grains and cleavage of grain agglomerates.