Publikacje (OA)
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Publikacje z afiliacją AGH: artykuły, książki, rozdziały książek, preprinty, postprinty, publikacje powstałe m.in. w ramach projektów badawczych, a wydane poza AGH.
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Item type:Article, Access status: Open Access , Impact of ceramic and carbon based nanomaterials integrated in the electrospun fibers on their scaffolds, mats, yarns performance in tissue engineering, energy and water harvesting applications(2025) Stachewicz, Urszula
Wydział Inżynierii Metali i Informatyki PrzemysłowejItem type:Book, Access status: Open Access , Geotourist guidebook. geotourism attractions of northern OmanBrzoza, Jakub; Esmund, Marta; Fabrowska, Zofia; Michalski, Mateusz; Pachoń, Natalia; Salwa, Wiktor; Ziarek, Zbigniew; Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica (Kraków). Wydział Geologii, Geofizyki i Ochrony Środowiska. Koło Naukowe "Geoturystyka"
Wydział Geologii, Geofizyki i Ochrony ŚrodowiskaItem type:Article, Access status: Open Access , Modulating Surface Properties and Osteoblast Responses in Bone Regeneration via Positive and Negative Charges during Electrospinning of Poly(L‑lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PLCL) Scaffolds(2026) Marszalik, Katarzyna; Polak, Martyna; Berniak, Krzysztof; Knapczyk-Korczak, Joanna; Szewczyk, Piotr K.; Marzec, Mateusz M.; Stachewicz, Urszula
Wydział Inżynierii Metali i Informatyki PrzemysłowejThe global demand for faster and more effective bone regeneration calls for biomimetic scaffolds that actively guide cell behavior beyond providing structural support. Electrospinning offers unique opportunities to tailor scaffold properties, yet the influence of positive and negative voltage polarities during fabrication on cell−material interactions remains largely unexplored. Here, we investigate poly(L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PLCL) scaffolds, a statistical copolymer combining strength and elasticity, produced under positive (PLCL+) and negative (PLCL−) polarity. Both scaffold types display comparable morphologies and bulk chemistry. However, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals charge dependent surface chemistry, with PLCL− enriched in O C and O−C groups. Zeta potential results highlight pronounced voltage polarity effects under aqueous conditions at pH 7.5, showing −29.19 mV for PLCL+ and −34.77 mV for PLCL−. Biologically, both scaffolds support rapid osteoblast attachment, with robust filopodia and collagen type I deposition by day 14. Strikingly, PLCL+ scaffolds promote deeper cellular infiltration and broader cytoskeletal distribution, whereas PLCL− scaffolds enhance proliferation, but with a flatter cell morphology. These findings reveal that subtle, charge-driven surface chemical differences in random copolymer scaffolds profoundly modulate osteoblast behavior. This work identifies electrospinning voltage polarity as a powerful yet underutilized design parameter for engineering next-generation scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration.Item type:Article, Access status: Open Access , Enhanced Electroactive Phases of Poly(vinylidene Fluoride) Fibers for Tissue Engineering Applications(2024) Zaszczyńska, Angelika; Gradys, Arkadiusz; Ziemiecka, Anna; Szewczyk, Piotr K.; Tymkiewicz, Ryszard; Lewandowska-Szumieł, Małgorzata; Stachewicz, Urszula; Sajkiewicz, Paweł
Wydział Inżynierii Metali i Informatyki PrzemysłowejNanofibrous materials generated through electrospinning have gained significant attention in tissue regeneration, particularly in the domain of bone reconstruction. There is high interest in designing a material resembling bone tissue, and many scientists are trying to create materials applicable to bone tissue engineering with piezoelectricity similar to bone. One of the prospective candidates is highly piezoelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), which was used for fibrous scaffold formation by electrospinning. In this study, we focused on the effect of PVDF molecular weight (180,000 g/mol and 530,000 g/mol) and process parameters, such as the rotational speed of the collector, applied voltage, and solution flow rate on the properties of the final scaffold. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy allows for determining the effect of molecular weight and processing parameters on the content of the electroactive phases. It can be concluded that the higher molecular weight of the PVDF and higher collector rotational speed increase nanofibers’ diameter, electroactive phase content, and piezoelectric coefficient. Various electrospinning parameters showed changes in electroactive phase content with the maximum at the applied voltage of 22 kV and flow rate of 0.8 mL/h. Moreover, the cytocompatibility of the scaffolds was confirmed in the culture of human adipose-derived stromal cells with known potential for osteogenic differentiation. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that PVDF scaffolds may be taken into account as a tool in bone tissue engineering and are worth further investigation.Item type:Article, Access status: Open Access , Comparative Physicochemical Characterization of Electrospun PCL, PLLA, and PLCL Scaffolds and Cell Responses for Tissue Engineering Applications(2026) Polak, Martyna; Neela, Nagalekshmi Uma Thanu Krishnan; Berniak, Krzysztof; Knapczyk-Korczak, Joanna; Szewczyk, Piotr K.; Marzec, Mateusz M.; Stachewicz, Urszula
Wydział Inżynierii Metali i Informatyki PrzemysłowejIn tissue engineering, electrospun scaffolds are valued for their tunable features, which direct cell behavior. Within this study, we electrospun scaffolds from three common polyesters: polycaprolactone (PCL), poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA), and poly(lactide-co-caprolactone) (PLCL), to identify differences in cell–material interactions. PLLA fibers had the largest average diameter (2.6 ± 0.2 µm), PLCL fiber diameter was intermediate (2.2 ± 0.5 µm), and PCL was the smallest (1.1 ± 0.6 µm). Additionally, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed distinct surface chemistries that are correlated with streaming potential results at pH 7.4. PLCL fibers showed the most negative zeta potential (−36.4 ± 0.7 mV), followed by PLLA (−28.4 ± 0.8 mV) and PCL (−24.0 ± 0.5 mV). Mechanical testing indicates the highest strength for PLCL mats (5.6 ± 0.9 MPa), then PLLA (3.5 ± 0.3 MPa) and PCL (1.9 ± 0.1 MPa). Cell studies indicated lower initial adhesion of osteoblasts on PLCL (∼53%↓) and PLLA (∼73.6%↓) vs. PCL, likely reflecting PCL scaffold morphology; however, viability at 3 and 7 days was significantly higher on PLCL and PLLA. Microscopy studies confirmed greater filopodia and cell spreading on PLCL and PLLA. Overall, all three are suitable scaffold materials, with PLCL and PLLA supporting cytoskeleton organization and viability better.Item type:Article, Access status: Open Access , Improving stability and mechanical strength of electrospun chitosan-polycaprolactone scaffolds using genipin cross-linking for biomedical applications(2025) Uma Thanu Krishnan Neela, Nagalekshmi; Szewczyk, Piotr K.; Karbowniczek, Joanna; Polak, Martyna; Knapczyk-Korczak, Joanna; Stachewicz, Urszula
WIMiIPElectrospun nanofiber scaffolds have become vital in biomedical applications due to their high surface area and tunable properties. Chitosan (CS) is widely used, but its rapid degradation limits its effectiveness. This study addresses this limitation by blending CS with polycaprolactone (PCL) and applying genipin cross-linking to enhance its stability and mechanical properties. Scanning electron microscopy indicated a uniform morphology of the electrospun fibers, and further, the crystallinity of the scaffolds before and after cross-linking is verified. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy is used to analyze the chemical structure, identifying the presence of trifluoroacetic acid residues in the as-spun fibers. These residues are successfully eliminated through neutralization and cross-linking, which are critical for enhancing stability and cell viability in in-vitro studies. Mechanical testing revealed that cross-linked CS+PCL scaffolds exhibit a 350% increase in tensile strength compared to pure CS, and zeta potential reaches the favorable for cell development -26.27 mV. The cytotoxicity assay results with murine NIH 3T3 fibroblast cells indicate the suitability of CS+PCL scaffolds for targeted tissue engineering and wound healing. This work establishes the potential for fine-tuning scaffold properties to create stable, functional, and biocompatible substrates for extended biomedical use.Item type:Article, Access status: Open Access , Skin regeneration and wound healing by plant protein-based electrospun fiber scaffolds and patches for tissue engineering applications(2025) Marszalik, Katarzyna; Polak, Martyna; Knapczyk-Korczak, Joanna; Berniak, Krzysztof; Nabil Gayed Ibrahim, Monica; Su, Qi; Li, Xiaoran; Ding, Bin; Stachewicz, UrszulaPlant protein-based electrospun fibers are emerging as promising biomaterials for skin regeneration and wound healing due to their unique properties, including biocompatibility, antimicrobial effects, and anti-inflammatory activity. This review examines four widely used plant-derived proteins: zein, soy, wheat gluten, and pea protein, focusing on their role in tissue engineering. For designing advanced biomaterials with tailored properties to accelerate tissue repair, the stages of wound healing are introduced. The electrospinning of plant proteins is described, along with the modifications that enhance key properties such as mechanical strength and stability in wet environments. Their biodegradability makes them ideal for temporary applications, such as wound dressings and drug delivery systems, enabling the controlled and sustained release of antibacterial nanoparticles, antioxidants, and antibiotics. Moreover, the enhancement of skin regeneration by plant protein fibers is highlighted, focusing on their physicochemical properties, drug delivery capabilities, swelling behavior, and moisturizing effects. Furthermore, in vitro studies are discussed, demonstrating their ability to support cell adhesion and proliferation, promote blood vessel formation, and facilitate extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, leading to accelerated tissue repair. Finally, in vivo studies are reviewed, highlighting the potential of plant protein fibers for tissue repair applications.Item type:Article, Access status: Open Access , New type of composite hydrogel based on natural polysaccharides and sodium polyacrylate for the production of fire-resistant fabrics(2026) Osabe, Ryoko; Mastalska-Popławska, Joanna; Rutkowski, Paweł; Suematsu, Hisayuki; Kata, Dariusz; Szumera, Magdalena; Majka, Tomasz M.
Wydział Inżynierii Materiałowej i CeramikiFlexible and fire-resistant hydrogel–cotton fabric composites doped with ceramic fire retardants were obtained by the immersion method. Among the analyzed mixtures, the samples based on sodium polyacrylate, which provided the best degree of penetration and subsequent intumescence, and those containing magnesium hydroxide in their composition had the best fire-resistant parameters. This was confirmed based on TG/DSC and DMA thermal analysis, PCFC measurements, reaction to fire test results, and SEM microphotographs. The MIR spectroscopic analysis additionally proved that the fire-retardant mechanism is based on the creation of an intumescent structure strengthened by the interaction of fire retardants with various functions, such as hydroxides, which, during decomposition, create a protective char around the material. We believe that these results will contribute to the development of special fabrics with fire-retardant properties.Item type:Article, Access status: Open Access , Coprecipitation of Ce with lead phosphates(2025) Staszel Kacper; Sordyl Julia; Puzio Bartosz; Manecki Maciej
Wydział Geologii, Geofizyki i Ochrony ŚrodowiskaCurrent development of sustainable technologies creates a demand for new sources of Rare Earth Elements (REE). Recent studies suggest that coprecipitation in the form of Pb-phosphates is one of the most effective methods in REE removal from aqueous solutions. This work focuses on the experimental study of the mechanisms of Ce coprecipitation with Pb phosphates, in particular with lead apatite - pyromorphite (Pb5(PO4)3Cl). Coprecipitation experiments were conducted at ambient conditions, at pH range 1–11, by mixing solutions containing high concentrations of Pb and Ce (∼66,700 ppm and ∼ 7600 ppm, respectively) with solutions containing stoichiometric concentrations of PO4 and Cl. As a result of coprecipitation with Pb phosphates, the Ce concentration decreased significantly to <2 ppm. The main product of the coprecipitation was Ce-doped pyromorphite (Pymsingle bondCe). Removal of Ce was most effective under alkaline conditions, while performance was slightly worse under acidic conditions, due in part to the slightly higher solubility of the precipitate. This was compared with a series of control experiments in the absence of either Pb, Cl, or Ce. Precipitation in the absence of Pb resulted in the formation of fibrous rhabdophane-Ce. In the absence of Cl, various phases were formed depending on pH conditions, such as ‘phosphoschultenite’ (PbHPO4), Pb-hopeite (PbPb2(PO4)2·nH2O), mixed Pb and Ce hydrous phosphates, and hydroxylpyromorphite (Pb5(PO4)3OH). In the absence of Ce, pure microcrystalline pyromorphite precipitated. Coprecipitation of Ce with Pb phosphates in the presence of Cl is advantageous due to the recovery of almost all Ce from solution in the form of a micro-crystalline Pym-Ce that is a very stable, insoluble phase easily separated from suspension. The precipitation of Pym-Ce is homogenous over a wide range of pH, assuring consistency in the obtained phases regardless of starting conditions. Achieved high Ce removal levels may be crucial for the progress of the REE extraction industry, in terms of this method being applicable to other REE for their recovery from solutions, including apatite leachates.Item type:Article, Access status: Open Access , p-type graphitic carbon nitride with boron bridge atoms designed for photoelectrochemical conversion of CO2(2026) Mech, K.; Sławek, A.; Podborska, A.; Abdi, G.; Muzaffar, S.; Jarczewski, S.; Sokołowski, K.; Musielak, B.; Cechosz, E.; Janioł, M.; Szaciłowski, K.; Ponce de Leon, C.
Akademickie Centrum Materiałów i NanotechnologiiHere, we report the results of studies dedicated to a synthesis of a series of graphitic carbon nitride materials doped with different amounts of boron, designed for photoelectrochemical conversion of CO2. The crystallographic structure of B-doped and pure heptazines was analyzed using XRD, while their chemical structure was analyzed using NMR, XAS, XPS, and FTIR spectroscopy. Based on of experimental spectra and DFT-based ones, we proved that boron in the polyheptazine structure is incorporated through the substitution of N atoms located only in bridge positions. The carbon nitride materials were also characterized in terms of their band structure based on the results of DRS spectroscopy, Mott-Schottky analysis, and DFT modelling. The experimental band gap energies and the decrease of band gap values resulting from the presence of boron bridge atoms were also confirmed by DFT calculations. The localization of valence and conduction bands indicates, along with p-type conductivity resulting from the presence of boron in these specific sites, that B-doped g-C3N4 may be utilized for light-supported PEC conversion of CO2. Photoluminescence measurements demonstrate more effective charge separation and significantly longer charge carrier lifetime resulting from the incorporation of boron. Finally, photocurrent spectroscopy showed that the material containing 2.5 at. % of B (B1–CN) generates photocurrent of the highest intensity of -0.99 μA in CO2-saturated 0.5 M KHCO3, making it the most promising one for photoelectrochemical conversion of CO2. The GC-MS/TCD analysis of syngas produced during photoelectrochemical CO2 reduction confirmed the formation of H2 and CO.