JOURNAL OF GEOTECHNOLOGY AND ENERGY

Permanent URI for this communityhttps://repo.agh.edu.pl/handle/AGH/102752

Adres wydawniczy: Kraków : Wydawnictwa AGH, 2021-
O czasopiśmie: https://journals.agh.edu.pl/jge/
ISSN: 2720-3581 e-ISSN: 2353-0790
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7494/jge
Poprzedni tytuł: AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas (2012-2020)

Journal of Geotechnology and Energy is a quarterly published by the Faculty of Drilling, Oil and Gas at the AGH University of Krakow, Poland. Journal is an interdisciplinary, international, peer-reviewed, and gold open access journal. is a continuation of a nonperiodic series Zeszyty Naukowe AGH – Wiertnictwo Nafta Gaz started in 1985. In 2012, the quarterly Wiertnictwo Nafta Gaz  was transferred into AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas and in 2021 into Journal of Geotechnology and Energy. As a result of this development, the thematic scope of accepted articles has been broadened.

New! Aktualny numer: 2025 - Vol. 42 - No. 4

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Access status: Open Access ,
The use of passive seismic exploration to identify oil-bearing reservoirs in the Udmurt Republic, Russia
(AGH University of Science and Technology Press, 2021) Lihačeva, Olʹga Vladimirovna; Kašin, Gleb Ûrʹevič; Mironyčev, Vadim Gennadʹevič
The level of oil production in the Udmurt Republic is currently experiencing a declining trend due to the depletion of large and medium-sized oil fields that have been in operation for a long time. Therefore, the main challenge in this region is to stabilize & increase oil extraction by means of exploring more promising oil fields of a smaller size. However, some issues cause difficulties. Firstly, 2D and 3D seismic data often do not provide the reliable mapping of small fields. Secondly, geological prospecting and exploration, along with exploratory drilling, make these works costly. Furthermore, the estimation of the reserves for such deposits often contains errors. Passive seismic exploration is proposed as a solution to these problems, reducing exploratory and exploitation drilling costs, with the time required for geological exploration also being diminished.
Access status: Open Access ,
Elements of reservoir simulation for tight gas reservoirs with water influx
(AGH University of Science and Technology Press, 2021) Sowa-Zyzańska, Magdalena
At present, gas obtained from unconventional deposits plays an important role in the global economy as an energy factor. The simulation of the exploitation of this type of deposits is very complex and requires an individual approach for each case, which is extremely inspiring and interesting, therefore this article attempts to deal with the problem of modeling the extraction of natural gas from tight unconventional deposits. Extraction of tight gas requires the use of measures that stimulate this process and requires an unusual approach both at the stage of deposit recognition, its drilling and exploitation. Using computer programs, more and more accurate models are developed taking into account almost all known processes occurring in the deposits during exploitation, which significantly influences the better selection of parameters of wells and operations that intensify the production, and thus improves the results of exploitation.
Access status: Open Access ,
Determination of mechanical parameters of salts in the cyclic load processes corresponding to the operation of a storage cavern for hydrogen
(AGH University of Science and Technology Press, 2021) Polański, Krzysztof
The paper describes the results of laboratory tests of the strength of salt samples made as part of the HESTOR project in order to determine the mechanical parameters of salt. The tests were carried out using an Autolab 2000 apparatus which allows to simulate any load cycles. The tests were made by simulating the operation of the hydrogen storage cavern. In order to observe the differences in salt behavior depending on the sample medium being stored during the test, gases were supplied: nitrogen, as an analogue of natural gas, and helium as a hydrogen analogue.
Access status: Open Access ,
Separation of natural gas liquids and water from gas condensate
(AGH University of Science and Technology Press, 2021) Takerhi, Matthew Efe
Unlike dry gas reservoirs, condensate gas reservoirs contain a considerable amount of natural gas liquids which should be extracted to maximize energy usage. This paper uses Bryan ProMax to set up the processing units for the recovery of natural gas liquids and removal of water. The parameters for the simulation were a gas composition which assumes a sweet gas content. The outcome of the simulation includes reduction of water content below 7 lbm/MMscf, recovery of methane and recovery of propane and isobutane only. The glycol dehydration unit minimized water impurity, while cooling with Joule-Thomson valve and heat exchangers help in methane recovery and separation from natural gas liquids. The results show that natural gas liquid recovery which depends on gas composition can be recovered by controlling the conditions of several units, namely heat exchangers, flash vessels, cold separators, fractionators, stabilizers with their reboilers and condensers.
Access status: Open Access ,
A new non-intrusive condition monitoring system designed to improve reliability of RCDs
(AGH University of Science and Technology Press, 2021) Machocki, Krzysztof; Marhoon, Zahrah; Amjad, Shaarawi; Sehsah, Ossama; Dixon, Tom; Mohammad, Jamal Ud-Din
Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) is a technology that allows for precise wellbore pressure control, especially in formations with uncertain geomechanics. The Rotating Control Device (RCD) is a crucial part of the MPD equipment but is prone to failure. Therefore, a new condition monitoring system was developed to improve the reliability of RCDs and eliminate their catastrophic failures during MPD jobs. Non-intrusive sensors were selected during the design of this condition monitoring system. Sensors measure: vibrations, acoustic emissions, rotation, pipe movement, temperatures, and contamination level in the coolant fluid. The system can display the measurements in real-time to the operator, giving early warnings to prevent the RCD's catastrophic failures during the job. Additionally, the data is recorded to allow further processing and analysis using ML and AI techniques.
Access status: Open Access ,
Risk assessment of packed holeassemblies for rotary well drilling
(AGH University of Science and Technology Press, 2021) Mislûk, Mihajlo Andrìjovič; Dolyk, Ruslan Nikolaevič
The main elements of the statistical model of packed hole assemblies (PHA) design for drilling holding sections in conditions of information uncertainty are formalized and described. A constraint system has been given for the angle maintenance conditions of wellbore direction and dynamic stability of bottom hole assembly (BHA) lateral vibrations. The influence of the information uncertainty of some factors (angle, parameters of the drilling practice, presence of local caverns, etc.) on risk indicators has been analyzed according to the results of the numerical calculations. It has been determined that the risks of angle maintenance disturbance are significantly influenced by the angle and weight on the bit (WOB), and dynamic stability conditions, such as angle and rotation frequency. Risks of multi-supported BHAs which have been designed for conditions of minimizing bit side force, dynamic stability and include 4-6 stabilizers.
Access status: Open Access ,
Performance analysis of a horizontal well located in an underground gas storage facility
(AGH University of Science and Technology Press, 2021) Zyzański, Paweł Grzegorz
Natural gas is the most ecological fossil fuel thanks to lower $CO_{2}$ emissions and no dust pollution, hence it is included into raw materials beneficial from the point of view of environmental protection. Natural gas is extracted from deposits often located at great depths by means of both vertical and horizontal drilling, characterised by high efficiency in terms of obtaining the highest possible productivity, which will allow the existing resources of the deposit to be exploited in the shortest possible time. The paper analyses the influence of factors such as reservoir pressure, the thickness of the reservoir, the length of a horizontal section, average permeability of a reservoir, turbulence coefficient and water exponent on the process of lifting a liquid phase during the operation of a horizontal well located in an underground gas storage facility. The calculations were carried out using data concerning exploitation of the »B« natural gas field and conducted using the »IHS PERFORM« computer programme, which is the leading industry software for carrying out analyses of productivity changes in gas wells. In the final part of the article, conclusions are given, summarising the results of the nodal analysis reservoir performance curve (IPR) and well throughput curve (VLP).
Access status: Open Access ,
The potential use of a Dräger X-am 8000 portable multi-gas detector for monitoring explosive gases in the area of historical oil and gas fields in the podkarpackie region
(AGH University of Science and Technology Press, 2021) Maruta, Michał
The oldest oil basin in the world is located in the Polish Carpathians. Former mines, often abandoned, have become technical monuments. The growing popularity of industrial tourism in the world and in Poland attracts more and more tourists who want to »find oil« on their own. In most cases, these are abandoned crude oil and natural gas fields, with such places associated with the risk of poisoning, ignition or explosion of escaping gases from unprotected crude oil fields or borehole outlets. The article also highlights the heritage of oil mining in the Polish Carpathians and related cultural routes. The author focuses on the issue related to the occurrence of the hazard zone of hydrogen sulphide poisoning or methane explosion in the sites of old oil fields. It presents the possibility of using the Dräger X-am 8000 portable multi-gas detector as a personal device for monitoring the concentration of gases and vapours considered toxic and/or explosive, such as methane or hydrogen sulphide. It also proposes the use of the Dräger X-am 8000 multi-gas detector, which in combination with the Dräger X-site Live real-time area monitoring module, can serve as a mobile system for short- or long-term monitoring of the above-mentioned zones.
Access status: Open Access ,
Kinetic modelling of biosorption for hydrocarbon removal from wastewater using a modified logistic equation
(AGH University of Science and Technology Press, 2021) Knapik, Ewa; Stopa, Jerzy
The application of raw and modified biomass to remove hydrocarbons from wastewater by adsorption is a common practice. A mathematical modeling of biosorption kinetics is a crucial step to optimize the remediation process. In the present study, kinetic studies were carried out to describe the sorption process of crude oilon waste sunflower stalk pith. To increase sorption capacity, the pith surface was modified with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and hydrophobic $SiO_{2}$ nanoparticles. The maximum loading of sorption for raw and hydrophobized material was 17.76 g/g and 19.62 g/g for crude oil, respectively. The system reached the equilibrium stage after 24 hours. The uptake profiles have been described by the pseudo-first order rate equation and the pseudo-second order rate equation. The calculated results were compared with experimental data and their fit was poor. To predict biosorption kinetics, a new mathematically efficient procedure based on a modified logistic equation was developed. The results indicate that the sunflower pith is an eco-friendly sorbent with significant potential for the removal of crude oil from water phase.
Access status: Open Access ,
The improvement of mud displacement from the annular space of the borehole in terms of the selection of washing fluids and pre-flushes
(AGH University of Science and Technology Press, 2021) Formela, Małgorzata Maria
One of the most important steps in drilling a well is cementing the annular space between the casing and the rock formation. This process is significant because of the stabilization of the well and effectively separation of the consecutive rock horizons. It is essential that cementing ensures the durable and effective insulation of the rock mass. The complete displacement of the drilling fluid from the annular space is particularly important due to a number of negative phenomena related to its insufficient extrusion. The cement slurry pressed through the annular space displaces the mud but is unable to thoroughly remove the residue left behind sufficiently. The subject of the laboratory research was to check how selected washer affect the efficiency of displacing drilling fluid from the annular space of the borehole. In addition, the tests included the determination of the optimal washing time and optimal pumping rate of the washing fluid.
Access status: Open Access ,
Safety and health hazards during servicing wells: the example of slickline services
(AGH University of Science and Technology Press, 2021) Mazur, Chrystian
In the oil and gas industry there are many serious hazards. Possible aftereffects of accidents happening on wells producing gas or crude oil can have fatal consequences. Natural dangers such as high pressures, flammable and explosive fluids, $H_{2}S$ content all make every project demanding and special care should be taken when planning works in harsh conditions. There are many precautions that could be done to ensure the long service life of the production wells and these can be achieved with slickline services. Slickline is usually a good first choice to conduct operations on live wells, and the potential risks during this work should be analysed since safety measures are crucial for both people and the environment. Only after assessing them correctly can work be done securely and in a timely manner.
Access status: Open Access ,
Displacement efficiency in tight sandstone based on fractional flow curve using relative permeability data
(AGH University of Science and Technology Press, 2021) Khlaifat, Abdelaziz Lafi
In tight gas sandstone, relative permeability is an essential special core analysis dynamic test that can be used to estimate injectivity, secondary recovery, production rate, reservoir simulation, residual gas saturation, and effective water management. Having about 65% of hydraulic fracturing fluid not to flow back and stay in the reservoir results in having the tight sandstone gas reservoir to involve multi-phase flow, namely water and gas. During the hydraulic fracturing job both imbibition and forcibly imbibition processes take place while during fracturing fluid cleanup and gas production drainage flow becomes dominant. The steady state flooding process was used to measure the relative permeability curves for a tight sandstone core sample collected from Travis Peak Formation at a depth of 8707 ft. The measurement process involved the performance of a series of steady state experiments with different gas-water injection ratios. The fractional flow curve has been plotted, based on the measured relative permeability, and used to calculate the displacement efficiency for flow through such tight porous media. The measurement showed relatively high irreducible water saturation (31%) and low residual gas saturation (6%). The measured gas relative permeability decreased slowly at a constant rate with increased wetting fluid saturation. The obtained fractional flow curve does not follow the s-shape behavior observed in a conventional reservoir. The results obtained showed that displacement efficiency can be enhanced by increasing water viscosity. Water viscosity can be increased by adding some polymer materials, however this is beyond the scope of this paper.
Access status: Open Access ,
A new »Emir« composite for the decolmatage of oil and gas layers after drilling and during deposit exploitation to increase the efficiency of hydrocarbon production
(AGH University of Science and Technology Press, 2022) Gubič, Igor Bogdanovič; Krupskij, Ûrij Zinovʹevič; Pavlunʹ, Mikola Mikolajovič; Vitenko, Vasilʹ; Feìčuk, Vitalij
A new effective composite »Emir« has been created, which reduces the swelling of clay minerals and cleans the near-well zone of oil and gas-saturated layers from residues of drilling fluid, technical and formational water, resin-asphaltene components and paraffin, thereby restoring the efficiency of the well. The composite has high cleaning characteristics and the ability to foam in the presence of highly mineralized waters (up to 250 g/l), oil products and mineral acids. It also forms both straight and reverse mobile water-oil emulsions, which is important for cleaning oil layers. Based on the results of testing the »Emir« composite in production conditions on gas and oil wells, it was concluded that the use of »Emir« allows the discharge of hydrocarbon fluids to increase from 20% to 50% or more. The »Emir« composite can also be used on »low-flow« wells which have been clogged or eliminated for geological and technical reasons, this makes it possible to significantly increase the recoverable reserves of hydrocarbons in various oil and gas-bearing regions, especially taking into account the small volumes of drilling and the low success rate of searching for new oil and gas fields.
Access status: Open Access ,
An evaluation of the effectiveness of anomalous systems in gas subsidiaries (a case study of the Alborz Gas Company)
(AGH University of Science and Technology Press, 2022) Ghasemi, Fatemeh Sadat; Kazemian Talkhooncheh, Alireza; Lavasani, Mohammad Reza Miri
An anomaly is an unsafe condition or action that has the potential to cause an accident. These conditions, or unsafe practices in gas companies, play a very important role in the occurrence of gas leaks and fires. Any unsafe acts can lead to unpleasant incidents for citizens, their homes, and property. This study aims to increase the effectiveness of anomalous systems in the gas subsidiaries of Alborz province. To conduct this study, the Tripod Beta technique was used to draw a diagram of the analysis of gas accidents in homes in the Alborz province, and the hierarchical analysis method was used to assess the risk of injuries, casualties, and unintentional house fires. In the first stage, information on gas leaks, and fires were collected by reviewing the documents related to the winter events of 2020. Then the sum of the mentioned conditions was studied as a hypothetical model. In the second step, the mentioned model was analyzed using the Tripod Beta method, and the causes of the accidents were determined by the capability of the study method. The obstacles studied were technical safety regulations, and the creation of a safe environment. The primary reason attached to the technical safety regulations was the lack of proper understanding of valve openings and closing signs. Another immediate reason for the need to create a safe environment was the lack of safety equipment. The precondition for not understanding the open and closed sign of the valve, lack of sufficient knowledge, and the precondition for not using safety equipment, buying unsafe equipment, and the hidden reason for the lack of sufficient knowledge, lack of training, and the hidden reason for buying unsafe equipment, was the poor economic situation. The results of this study indicated that fire-related conditions are of the utmost importance in assessing the risk of unintentional house fires. Failure to pay attention to safety points while using gas-related equipment, the poor condition of the building, and more male residents have the most anomalies in causing gas company accidents.
Access status: Open Access ,
Drilling mud influence on sandstone poroelastic parameters
(AGH University of Science and Technology Press, 2022) Knez, Dariusz; Rajaoalison, Herimitsinjo; Nkunzi, Donatille
Perhaps the most critical challenge faced during drilling operations is related to the stability of the well. Additionally, drilling mud plays a crucial role in wellbore stability, as one of its main uses is to support the wellbore wall during the drilling operation. However, ignorance of the effects of drilling mud on the mechanical properties of rock formation can also lead to well failure. The stability of the wellbore is also influenced by pore pressure during the drilling process. The analysis of changes in rock poroelastic parameters after drilling mud saturation was found to be useful regarding the abovementioned issues. Therefore, the measurement of the dynamic Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio and Biot's coefficient of sandstone samples was carried out to determine their trends of variations with confining pressure in different conditions such as dry, water and drilling mud filtrate saturation. The findings indicate that both the dynamic Young's modulus and the Poisson's ratio of the sandstone rock increased after saturation with water and drilling mud filtrate, while the Biot's coefficient was reduced. Furthermore, the velocity of the P wave, the dynamic Young's modulus and the dynamic Poisson's ratio of the sandstone rock were proportional to the confining pressure, while the Biot's coefficient were inversely proportional to the confining pressure. The results imply that effective stress calculation can be influenced by changes in poroelastic parameters established from geophysical measurements, and risk management of wellbore stability stability was increased.
Access status: Open Access ,
Thermoelectric properties of pyrite in the supra-ore level of gold mineralization (Ukrainian Carpathians)
(AGH University of Science and Technology Press, 2022) Kostûk, Oleksandr Volodimirovič
The thermoelectric properties of different-aged generations of pyrite from Lostun (Chyvchyny ore region) Tukalo and Kamin-Kliovka (Лостунь, Тукало, Камінь-Кльовка) (Rakhiv ore region) ore manifestations are investigated. The research included traditional geological observations with the collection of samples of various hosting ores, together with mineralogical analysis measuring their reflective power and the thermo electro-motive force of pyrite. Two pyrite generations (pyrite I and pyrite II) have been revealed by the investigation's results. The crystals belonging to the generations differ morphologically quite vividly (pyrite I has the form of a pentagonal dodecahedron, while pyrite II takes the form of a cube) and have different thermoelectrical properties. Pyrite I testifies to the fact that in the direction from the central parts of crystals with a pentagonal-dodecahedron tendency to its surface, the thermoelectrical properties essentially change. In particular, the central parts of pyrite I crystals have electron conductivity while its faces are mainly hole ones. Such essential changes of the pyrite thermoelectrical properties from the central parts of the crystals to their peripheral ones are probably mostly caused by quantitative changes of element admixtures in the crystalline lattice. However, the pyrite II thermoelectrical properties investigation results testify that this mineral has only hole-conductivity. Thus, in terms of general thermo-e.m.f. (electromagnetic field) as well as selections range, the thermoelectric properties of the pyrite from the Lostun and Tukalo ore manifestations and the Sauliak (Сауляк) auriferous deposit are similar. The comparative character of the pyrite thermoelectric properties from the investigated ore manifestations, the Sauliak deposit and other auriferous deposits testify to the supra-ore level of the gold mineralization in Tukalo and Lostun objects and make it possible to assume that erosion shear of the gold mineralization in Tukalo ore manifestation is similar to the Sauliak deposit erosive shear and is deeper in comparison to the Lostun ore manifestation.
Access status: Open Access ,
Society of Petroleum Engineers Poland Section - thirtieth anniversary
(AGH University of Science and Technology Press, 2022) Nagy, Stanisław; Ślęk, Jakub; Kuczyński, Szymon
The SPE Poland Section (established in 1992) allows members and sympathizers to participate in interesting lectures, presented by international experts from various fields, associated with the oil and gas industry. In general, these are the Distinguished Lecturers chosen by the SPE, lecturers from various companies, and research centers present the latest technological developments in the oil and gas industry. The activity of the SPE Poland Section contributes to the expansion and strengthening of international scientific and technical cooperation. Also, it allows to its members to update their professional knowledge and learn about the trends in development and technological progress. Within the Section, AGH UST SPE Student Chapter acts an important role. SC brings together active students who organize workshops, industrial training, field trips, and internationally known East Meets West Congress. The work performed by Student Chapter is greatly appreciated by the academic community, as well as by the management of the region and the headquarters of the SPE. In 2022 SPE Poland Section celebrates 30$^{th}$ anniversary of its establishment and we would like to express our deep appreciation to all members of the Section and our sympathizers who have contributed so much to the development of science and education in the field of drilling, oil, and gas engineering.
Access status: Open Access ,
Analysis of the potential heating of selected student residences at The AGH University Of Krakow using the earth’s heat
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2023) Sapińska-Śliwa, Aneta; Kunasz, Remigiusz; Śliwa, Tomasz
The aim of this study was to adapt the operating parameters of a geothermal heat pump system to the required average power needed to meet the energy for central heating and domestic hot water of selected student residences. Calculations of the average power required by the dormitories in the AGH University Student Campus were carried out, as well as modelling of the deep borehole heat exchanger for the heating load. The designed heating system for the student residences in the AGH University Student Campus using a deep borehole heat exchanger – is sufficient to cover the base heat demand for five four-storey dormitories. During the writing of the paper, the main problem was the low availability of articles on deep borehole heat exchangers. This is due to the continuous development and testing of new engineering ideas. Deep borehole heat exchangers can be use as new boreholes or wells prepared for liquidation. Also use of closed boreholes sometimes is possible, depending on project of liquidation. The future districy heating will use low-temperature heat carrier for heating and cooling. Use borehole fields as rockmass use for heat and/or cool ,storage will be common.
Access status: Open Access ,
Groundwater contamination by BTEX hydrocarbons and phenol at former gasworks sites in Bydgoszcz
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2023) Macuda, Jan; Łukańko, Łukasz
Wydział Wiertnictwa, Nafty i Gazu
This paper addresses the historical environmental impact of Bydgoszcz’s »Old Gasworks«, located on Jagiellońska Street on the Brda River - one of Poland’s oldest and longest-operating gas production facilities. Municipal gas derived from dry coal distillation served both municipal and industrial purposes until 1973. However, the production process, marked by significant nuisances, particularly affected the ground and water environment. Pollutants, primarily organic compounds such as aromatic hydrocarbons, including PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), and BTEX hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes), phenol and mineral oil, entered the environment through equipment failures, leaks, and the improper storage of wastewater and technological waste. One of the major sources of contamination was inadequately executed construction activities related to the dismantling of installations and the liquidation of sewage and waste storage tanks. This paper presents the findings of a comprehensive study focusing on hydrocarbon concentrations in groundwater at the »Old Gasworks« in Bydgoszcz and proposes effective methods for treating the water environment.
Access status: Open Access ,
Deformation bands – migration pathways or barriers for hydrocarbons in sedimentary rocks – mini review
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2023) Solecki, Marek
A mini review of the topic of deformation bands is presented in the paper. The concept of deformation bands is defined and their impact on the flow of fluids in porous sedimentary rocks is determined. Deformation bands are mm-thick low-displacement deformation zones which have intensified cohesion and lower permeability compared with ordinary fractures. This term was introduced in 1968 in material science, ten years later it appeared in the geological context. This microstructures can occur as barriers or migration pathways for hydrocarbons. Their role depends mainly on microstructural features, and they are also considered in reservoir modeling. The occurrence of deformation bands in Poland is also outlined and discussed - they have been described in Western Outer Carpathians (Magura and Silesia nappes).