GEOLOGIA

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Adres wydawniczy: Kraków : Wydawnictwa AGH, 1975-2011
Do 1993 r. wydawane w ramach serii „Zeszyty Naukowe AGH”.
ISSN: 0138-0974 e-ISSN: 2353-0782
Aktualny tytuł: Geology, Geophysics & Environment (2012-)

Do 1993 r. wydawane w ramach serii Zeszyty Naukowe AGH. Od 2012 roku tytuł Geology, Geophysics & Environment.

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Access status: Open Access ,
Morfotektonika przełomów Solinki i Wetlinki w świetle badań terenowych i interpretacji zdjęć lotniczych (Bieszczady Wysokie)
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2005) Kuśmierek, Jan
Gorge-type valleys of the Solinka and Wetlinka rivers within the Upper San drainage basin represent an interesting geotouristic object in respect of distinct relationship between relief, and evolution and tectonics of complex geological structures in the foreland of the Dukla Unit in the Bieszczady Mts. They also distinguish themselves by picturesque landscapes and vast exposures of the Otryt Sandstone outcrops, this Late Oligocene member is typical of the Bieszczady facies subregion of the Silesian Nappe. Detailed cartographic and structural investigations made by the author have proved that synclines, composed of thick complexes of the Otryt Sandstones, are backward overthrust onto subsurface structural elements, a feature which has not been reflected in previous cartographic elaborations. With formation of the disharmonic tectonic structures, the inversional character and origin of the Solinka and Wetlinka water gaps are connected. Hypsometric measurements of relics of the foothill and riverside planation surfaces, carried out on stereoscopic aerial photographs, have documented significant deformation of the surfaces and oscillatory character of the Pliocene-Quaternary neotectonic uplift. The greatest denivelations of the planation surfaces correlate with the intersection of the backward overthrusts which had crucial effects on tectonic reshaping of the structures, as well as on the relief development, this resulted in the origin of the antecedent water gaps and incised meanders.
Access status: Open Access ,
Debryty kohezyjne warstw istebniańskich (senon górny - paleocen) na zachód od Skawy
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2005) Strzeboński, Piotr Andrzej
Cohesive debrites of the Istebna Beds occur within the western part of the Silesian Unit of the Outer Flysch Carpathians. The lithofacies described represents siliciclastic deposits consisting of mud-sandy matrix and scattered, psephite-size clasts. The cohesive debrites originated from sediment gravity flows that were generated on the slope of sedimentary basin by mass-movements and were deposed as aprons by submarine, cohesive debris flows. The highest content of the cohesive debrites (12% of the succession thickness) has been recorded within the Istebna Beds of the Silesian Beskid Mts, the medium in the Beskid Mały Mts (7%) and the lowest within the Moravian Beskid Mts (2%). Most frequently the lithofacies presented occurs within the Lower Istebna Sandstones, while the cohesive debrites with the biggest lithoclasts occur within the top part of the Lower Istebna Shales. The exotic material with dominating crystalline rocks, mostly gneisses, schists and granitoids, makes up 25% of the described deposits (exotic cohesive debrites). Various types of limestones prevail among much rarer clasts of sedimentary rocks and the amount of the limestones distinctly increases going to the east.
Access status: Open Access ,
Próba wykorzystania analiz amplitudowych zapisu sejsmicznego do określenia własności zbiornikowych dolomitu głównego
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2005) Pietsch, Kaja; Tatarata, Artur
This paper presents the application of seismic amplitudes analysis to characterization of the petrophysical properties of Main Dolomite in terms of hydrocarbons exploration. Seismic modellings were used as a support tool at the presented interpretation. Various variants of seismogeological models were constructed on the basis of well log analyses. Theoretical wavefield computed for the obtained models were a basis for further assessment of the causes of anomalous amplitude effects coming from the top of Main Dolomite. Moreover, this approach was useful for proposing the construction of amplitude filters used to reduce an undersirable tuning effect, which occurs in thin beds formations. The obtained results were helpful in the analysis of registered data from 3D seismic survey in Cychry-Namyślin area (Geofizyka Toruń Ltd. 1998).
Access status: Open Access ,
Zależności między parametrami petrofizycznymi klastycznych skał karbońskich w basenie lubelskim na przykładzie obszaru Stężycy
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2005) Jarzyna, Jadwiga A.; Bała, Maria
Characteristics of porosity and permeability and Flow Zone Indicator, FZI, of the Carboniferous clastic rocks, especially of the Middle-Namurian Lower-Westfalian in the Stężyca region, Lublin Basin have been presented. There were discovered differences in FZI between the hydrocarbon deposit section and unproductive beds in the determined III complex and between III and II complexes. A statistical analysis was performed for petrophysical parameters, i.e. porosity, permeability, volumes of sand and shale in the wells: Stężyca 1, 2, 3K and 4 to reveal features typical for all Carboniferous data, III complex and hydrocarbon-bearing section of III complex. High correlation coefficients showed data are well correlated and porosity from cores, Poro, can be substituted by porosity from the comprehensive interpretation of logs, PHI. A division of elaborated data sets due to the FZI has been realized and statistical relations between permeability and porosity in homogeneous flow units have been established. Relations describing a mobility of media in pore space for FZI units appeared to be stronger than for the total data set. A method of a continuous K-logging in situ on the base of PHI has also been a result of conducted considerations.
Access status: Open Access ,
Rozwój badań utworów miocenu w Karpatach Zachodnich na obszarze Bielsko – Kraków
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2005) Moryc, Władysław
The paper presents chronologically arranged discussion of existing views on the lithostratigraphic development of the Western Carpathian Miocene deposits as well as data from old and new boreholes in the studied area. The present author suggests the uniform stratigraphic division of the Miocene (especially Lower Miocene) deposits based on existing results and new findings. He also presents the occurrence and extent of distinguished lithostratigraphic units as well as the evolution of the Miocene basin and its tectogenesis. Miocene deposits in the Polish part of the Western Carpathians consist of thick deposit up to about 3000 meters. Almost half of these are represented by Lower Miocene deposits. The Miocene basin was moved northwards and younger deposits originated during folding processes of the Carpathian orogen. Several lithostratigraphical units were distinguished: Zawoja, Sucha and Stryszawa formations of the Lower Miocene deposits and Jachówki, Dębowiec and Skawina formations of the Lower Badenian one.
Access status: Open Access ,
Wykorzystanie atrybutów sejsmicznych w interpretacji badań sejsmicznych o podwyższonej rozdzielczości otrzymanych na złożu siarki w Osieku
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2005) Lędzka, Joanna; Ślusarczyk, Ryszard
In his paper the evaluation of possibilities for seismic attributes in interpretation of high-resolution seismic section from sulphur mine in Osiek has been undertaken. Exploitation of sulphur deposits by melting with special well-system can destroys surface and water-bearing level. These threats could be reduced by safe exploitation, in which sulphur melting and processes connected with it are under permanent control. The application of periodic seismic profiling helps us define changes in formation resulting from the exploitation. The information is very important both in planning exploitation and in environment protection. Using seismic attributes gives us a better representation of deposits and overburden, and changes subsequent to exploitation too.
Access status: Open Access ,
Geological characterisation of the Krynica Subunit in the vicinity of Krościenko on the Dunajec river (Magura Nappe, Outer Flysch Carpathians)
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2005) Chrustek, Monika; Golonka, Jan; Janeczko, Agnieszka; Stachyrak, Filip
The aim of this work is to present geological structure of the Krynica Subunit of the Magura Nappe in southern part of the Gorce and Beskid Sądecki Mountains and along the Pieniny Klippen Belt (PKB). Formal lithostratigraphic units were distinguished on the basis of mapping. The lithostratigraphic units are the age of Middle Paleocene - Middle Eocene age. Flysch deposits were classified as the Szczawnica Formation with the Życzanów Member, Zarzecze Formation and Piwniczna Member of the Magura Formation in the investigated area. Strike-slip faults and faulted formations complicate the geological structure of the described region. The creation some of these faults is connected with andesite intrusions. Strong faulted strata occurs in the southern part of the region along the overthrust of the Pieniny Klippen Belt on the Magura Nappe. The contact line between the Pieniny Klippen Belt and Paleogene of the Magura Nappe is heterogeneous. The evidences of it are outcrops of klippen, which occur within the Szczawnica Formation and the Zarzecze Formation.
Access status: Open Access ,
Różowa sól kamienna do produkcji galanteryjnych wyrobów solnych - geologiczne warunki występowania, własności i metody pozyskiwania w Kopalni Soli »Kłodawa«
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2005) Czapowski, Grzegorz; Misiek, Grzegorz; Poborska-Młynarska, Katarzyna; Tomassi-Morawiec, Hanna
Colored rock salt types, especially pink, orange and red ones, become a more demand material for production of fancy salt goods such as salt lamps, chandelier, sculptures etc. Colored rock salts occur in many salt formations and deposits in Europe and in the world as it was illustrated by a short review of selected rock salt deposits. In Poland the discussed colored rock salts are exploited only in one salt deposit, located in the Kłodawa salt diaper (by the »Kłodawa« Salt Mine), mainly for alimentary and chemical industry and for road treatment. Last years the mine has excavated a small amount of pink salt for production of mentioned above salt fancy goods and the increased demand for this raw material initiated studies on characteristics and geological position of pink salt within the salt deposit, enabling future prediction and calculation of its resources. Preliminary characteristics of features and the geological situation as well as a classification and exploitation methods of pink rock salt were presented in the paper.
Access status: Open Access ,
Zarys tektoniki grawitacyjnej gipsów mioceńskich na przedgórzu Karpat w Polsce
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2005) Niemczyk, Jan
The main result of mass-transport of Middle Miocene gypsum deposits are slides and olistostromes. The directions of these phenomena are comparable to two eodiagenetic deformation directions. Locally can be distinguished third postdiagenetic deformation direction. In many gypsum rocks there is evidence of plastic flow phenomenon and characteristic fluidal textures. These rocks are here called gravitites, because the flow was caused by gravitational force.
Access status: Open Access ,
Encrinus cf. liliiformis Lamarck, 1801, the youngest crinoid from the Polish Muschelkalk (Middle Triassic)
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2005) Salamon, Mariusz A.
The paper reports first undoubted occurrence of crinoid species Encrinus cf. liliiformis from the Upper Muschelkalk (Middle Triassic) of Poland. Contrary to previous records, it has been found the species occurs only in Upper Muschelkalk sediments. On the basis of known evidence, it seems that E. cf. liliiformis migrated east to west through the reactivated East-Carpathian Gate.
Access status: Open Access ,
Efektywność automatycznego przetwarzania regionalnego modelu pola hydrodynamicznego na przykładzie fragmentu obszaru pasma przedkarpackiego
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2005) Dzięgiel, Maciej
Making a regional hydrodynamic simulating model much more detailed on the given example proves that this operation should be careful. The research was done on the small part of the regional model of the Major Groundwater Basin No. 425 whose discretization grid was made five times denser. This operation was made to obtain a more exact image of, for example, the landuse of the area, for example. The means to obtain appropriate results was the interpolation of the majority of the hydrogeological parameters of the regional hydrodynamic simulating model. The Processing Modflow 5.0 code makes the above possible. The more detailed model was verified on the basis of the author's measuring of the groundwater table on the Right Bank of the Wisłok river valley. Satisfactory compatibility of hydrodynamic fields has been stated.
Access status: Open Access ,
Analiza czasowo-częstotliwościowa akustycznych obrazów falowych za pomocą transformaty falkowej
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2005) Wawrzyniak-Guz, Kamila
Interpretation of acoustic full waveforms is based on identification of elastic waves recorded in boreholes. Determination of arrival time and duration of wave packets can be solved using time-frequency analyses such a wavelet transform. Discrete and continuous wavelet transform were applied to decomposition of wave field. Research showed that discrete wavelet transform is not a proper tool to solving the problem. However, it allows denoising signals. Research on continuous wavelet transform, which has better resolution, are carried out and gives a chance to decompose wave field into separate waves.
Access status: Open Access ,
Analiza możliwości wykorzystania georadarowych fal refrakcyjnych do lokalizacji zmian w budowie wałów przeciwpowodziowych
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2005) Marcak, Henryk; Gołębiowski, Tomisław; Tomecka-Suchoń, Sylwia
The GPR refracted waves can be used for evaluation of parameters, which characterize two-layer ground, where upper layer has higher value of dielectric constant than lower one. Such situation can take a place in a river embankments, where over the zone of consolidation with low water content is placed a lose zone with large amount of rain-water. The results of GPR measurements carried out on the embankments in Kraków, give possibility for identification the consolidated and lose zones, between geotechnical bench-marks. The paper presents new technology of GPR profiling with various offset of antennas and it describes the technique of identification the different kinds of GPR waves, with special treatment of refracted waves.
Access status: Open Access ,
Problemy zagospodarowania wyrobisk po eksploatacji kruszywa naturalnego na przykładzie złóż w dolinie Soły między Kętami a Bielanami
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2005) Bobrek, Kamila; Paulo, Andrzej
Deposits of the natural aggregates along the Soła valley were formed within Quaternary rendzina terrace. They are exploited from under the groundwater level. As a result, many hectares of valuable agricultural land are converted into post-mining pits, which change the natural environment of the Soła valley and preclude future crops. Being forced to declare post-mining redevelopment mode, users of the natural aggregate deposits declared construction of water reservoirs, which they call fishing ponds. However, in reality the ponds are used for recreation fishing but not for productive fish farming, which appears impossible, which cannot be drained in deep basins. A panorama of possible ways of reclamation of post-mining pits based on natural environment and social conditions is discussed, forming main body of the paper.
Access status: Open Access ,
Analiza względnych zmian wiekowych pola magnetycznego Ziemi (1966-2005) wzdłuż profilu Zgorzelec-Wiżajny
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2006) Bojdys, Grzegorz; Grabowska, Teresa; Marchewka, Józef; Suchoń, Bogusław
The paper presents results of the studies on local relative time variations of total geomagnetic field observed along the 700 km long profile crossing the Paleozoic Platform (PLZ), Transeuropean Suture Zone (TESZ) and East European Craton (EEC). The study is a continuation of the research conducted in the years 1966-2000. Measurements of the Earth's magnetic field made in the last five years revealed a new phenomenon, which was a faster increase of the magnetic field observed at the EEC. They proved also that the dynamics of the magnetic field variations observed for the EEC was greater than it was for TESZ and PLZ. The character of geomagnetic field variations observed during the last five years caused the modification of method of studies of relative secular geomagnetic variations.
Access status: Open Access ,
Pstre utwory typu brekcji zawałowej z Kopalni Węgla Kamiennego »Marcel« (Górnośląskie Zagłębie Węglowe)
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2006) Muszyński, Marek; Skowroński, Andrzej; Lipiarski, Ireneusz
In the »Marcel« Coal Mine a collapse breccia was found in a cross-cut at the 300 m level in 2001. The breccia occurs within red beds, in a zone where the seam No. 505 has a reduced thickness. With regard to an exceptionally diversified mineral composition that results from a complex origin of this rock, it was studied using optical microscopy as well as the XRD, IR and SEM/EDS methods. Neogenic components of the breccia are represented mainly by Mg-Fe-montmorillonites, halloysite-7 A and -10 A, harmotome, hematite, siderite and cristobalite. Additional minerals identified include mullite, goethite, mixed-layer illite/smectite, kaolinite-T, alunite, chalcopyrite and sphalerite. They are accompanied by usually numerous quartz epiclasts and traces of organic matter. The breccia consists of fragments of hanging wall rocks, mainly Carboniferous claystones and mudstones and their minerals, thermally altered and, then, metasomatically bound with scarce cement. The rock was formed by filling an empty space left after partly burned out bituminous coal, self-ignited as a result of pre-Miocene weathering. The metasomatic processes and cementation took place in the environment with gradually changing conditions, from strongly acidic and oxidizing to alkaline and reducing.
Access status: Open Access ,
Zastosowanie geofizycznych badań elektrooporowych w rozpoznaniu morfologii antropogenicznej na przykładzie zamku błogosławionej Salomei w Grodzisku pod Skałą (Małopolska)
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2006) Domogalla, Witold; Mościcki, Włodzimierz Jerzy
Monumental archaeological and landscape complex in Grodzisko is located within Ojcowski National Park (Małopolska province, South Poland). The complex was investigated historically and archaeologically in 60-ties and 90-ties of the XX century and lately in 2003. Results of geophysical research played an important role in planning archaeological excavations and analysis of historical events. The methods used were penetrometer-based resistivity profiling and DC resistivity imaging. The first method was used for recognition of different cultural accumulation layers within embankments of the courtyard. Resistivity imaging made along five lines located near historical church discovered distinct high-resistivity zones. These zones reflected the presence of underground fragments of historical walls confirmed later by the archaeological excavation works. Complex analysis of historical and archeological data leads to the opinion that discovered walls are remnants of the building of defense-residential character, probably one of the oldest examples of the »architectura militaris« on the area of Poland.
Access status: Open Access ,
Akustycznie stymulowane promieniowanie elektromagnetyczne obserwowane w ośrodkach porowatych nasyconych wodą lub ropą
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2006) Sobotka, Jerzy
Physical properties of saturated porous media are unstable, which can be related to changes in their internal energy due to e.g. changes of acoustic pressure. Such processes usually are accompanied by electromagnetic radiation, parameters of which must be in strong relation to physical properties of rocks and the type of pore liquid. Results of experimental studies of electromagnetic radiation parameters of saturated sedimentary rock samples and borehole models in a powerful ultrasonic field are presented. It is shown that the amplitude of electromagnetic radiation induced in rock samples, saturated with electrolyte (NaCl solution) and subjected to a field of ultrasonic energy, increases dramatically compared to the amplitude of electromagnetic radiation induced in the same samples saturated with petroleum. The described results suggest that the field of ultrasonic energy alters the electromagnetic radiation of rock in various ways, depending on the type of pore liquid and on the relation between the liquid and the solid phases. A theoretical model explaining the obtained experimental results is proposed. Such behaviour of a multiphase system under the influence of an ultrasonic field enhances the informative possibilities of the methods of borehole logging and suggests possibilities of inventing new methods in geophysical prospecting.
Access status: Open Access ,
Wykorzystanie sejsmicznych przekrojów fal podłużnych i przemiennych do kalibracji modelu prędkości fal poprzecznych
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2006) Marzec, Paweł ; Kobylarski, Marcin; Pietsch, Kaja
Comparisons of P and S or converted wave (C-wave) seismic sections can improve identification of seismic reservoir anomalies. In Poland, the first experimental seismic P and C-wave survey was performed by Geofizyka Kraków Ltd (under supervision of PGNiG S.A.) in the area of Chałupki Dębniańskie (Carpathian Foredeep). High diversity of physical parameters in analyzed formations, small dimensions of geological targets and a lack of experience in C-wavefield interpretation caused theoretical wavefield modeling extremely indispensable for local reservoir interpretation. A shortage of satisfactory amount of well log data, particularly S-wave velocity information, caused a determination of S-wave changeability with depth the main problem in wavefield modeling. This paper proposes a method of calibration of measured or synthetic S-wave curves based upon both the recognized P-wave velocity distribution in the profile and the registered P and C-wavefield. An effectiveness of the proposed method was confirmed by high similarity of the registered wavefield and the wavefield computed with the use of SeisMod application (Department of Geophysics, AGH UST).
Access status: Open Access ,
Ruda żelaza z dawnych kopalń pod Bobrowcem (Tatry Zachodnie)
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2006) Paulo, Andrzej; Panajew, Paweł
An enigmatic iron ore which was exploited on the southwest slopes of Bobrowiec in the Western Tatra Mountains at the early XIX century, was described for the first time. It consists mainly ot hematite, goethite, and lepidocrokite cementing fine grained Lower Triassic sandstones and mudstones or forming secondary veinlets. The iron hydroxides and oxide appear as secondary minerals. They form gossan and tectonically remobilization veinlets, resulting from thrusting Kriżna unit against High Tatric autochthon. Primarily iron was probably deposited in the form of thin sulphide lens along with silty-clay sediments in an isolated euxinic basin. The ore contains roughly 30% Fe. New light on the genesis of iron ores and facies within sedimentary series of Lower Triassic in the Tatra is thrown.