Geomatics and Environmental Engineering
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ISSN 1898-1135
e-ISSN: 2300-7095
Issue Date
2023
Volume
Vol. 17
Number
No 1
Description
Journal Volume
Geomatics and Environmental Engineering
Vol. 17 (2023)
Projects
Pages
Articles
The sustainable development paradigm
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2023) Ogryzek, Marek
The article discusses the evolution of the concept of sustainable development and briefly discusses its definition. The study, based on Polish and foreign literature sources, uses the method of literature analysis with elements of inductive reasoning. This is a review article, whose aim is to present both positive and critical approaches to the idea of the sustainable development of space.
A case study on building information (BIM) and land information (LIM) models including geospatial data
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2023) Borkowski, Andrzej Szymon; Kochański, Łukasz; Wyszomirski, Michał Sławomir
Landscape information modeling (LIM) is a new trend in spatial projects made using BIM technology. Elements of land development are, not only in the opinion of the authors, just as essential as the element of a building object. In turn, GIS data can be used to model larger areas based on combined data from GIS and BIM models. The lack of the strict integration of BIM and GIS (ISO/TR 23262:2021 covers GIS/BIM interoperability, ISO 19166 is in preparation) prevents the modeling of land development objects, both existing and planned, in many cases. The modeling process using the current and known BIM tools and processes were presented to efficiently develop a model of a building object with its surroundings. Modeling took place using best practices that are collected and used in the Polish reality. The work presents an object-oriented approach to modeling elements of spatial development with the preservation of the so-called occupational hygiene. By applying the above principles, it is possible to develop a »good« LIM model that fits the current trends and developments in BIM.
Verification of the Wołek Castle model with the actual state using digital photogrammetry and conventional survey methods
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2023) Słowińska, Natalia; Żyła, Agnieszka; Borowiec, Natalia
This paper presents the results of a study to assess the feasibility of using the Structure from Motion photogrammetric method to estimate what parts of Wołek Castle have survived from the 15th century to the present day. The photogrammetric measurements were made with a Nikon D5200 camera, and 249 mock-up images were obtained. Planimetry and altitude coordinates of the castle ruins were obtained using RTN GNSS measurements and the polar method. The measurements were made in the 2000 coordinate system in zone 6, the heights were obtained in the Kronstadt system. Two spatial models were made. The first one in the field scale was made using the ground control points measured in the terrain. The second one was made using ground control points measured on the model in the local system. The control measures were analyzed, the model compared with the actual orthophotomap, and it was estimated what part of the castle was preserved in reality.
Integrating vegetation indices and spectral features for vegetation mapping from multispectral satellite imagery using AdaBoost and Random Forest Machine Learning classifiers
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2023) Saini, Rashmi
Vegetation mapping is an active research area in the domain of remote sensing. This study proposes a methodology for the mapping of vegetation by integrating several vegetation indices along with original spectral bands. The Land Use Land Cover classification was performed by two powerful Machine Learning techniques, namely Random Forest and AdaBoost. The Random Forest algorithm works on the concept of building multiple decision trees for the final prediction. The other Machine Learning technique selected for the classification is AdaBoost (adaptive boosting), converts a set of weak learners into strong learners. Here, multispectral satellite data of Dehradun, India, was utilised. The results demonstrate an increase of 3.87% and 4.32% after inclusion of selected vegetation indices by Random Forest and AdaBoost respectively. An Overall Accuracy (OA) of 91.23% (kappa value of 0.89) and 88.59% (kappa value of 0.86) was obtained by means of the Random Forest and AdaBoost classifiers respectively. Although Random Forest achieved greater OA as compared to AdaBoost, interestingly AdaBoost provided better class-specific accuracy for the Shrubland class compared to Random Forest. Furthermore, this study also evaluated the importance of each individual feature used in the classification. Results demonstrated that the NDRE, GNDVI, and RTVIcore vegetation indices, and spectral bands (NIR, and Red-Edge), obtained higher importance scores.
A low-cost automatic system for long-term observations of soil temperature
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2023) Zaszewski, Daniel; Gruszczyński, Tomasz
The description of the physical parameters characterizing heat transport in the soil medium, especially on a regional scale, requires long-term and high frequency observations of temperature changes in soil profiles. This paper presents a project for a multi-channel, modular and universal data logger for temperature distribution data collecting in the soil profile, based on open electronic components, such as Arduino microcontroller systems and DS18B20 thermometers. The data logger tests were carried out in two profiles. The seven-month tests did not show any errors in the functioning of the measurement set. The presented device requires an average current of 320 μA, which allows for its stable operation on one battery set for about 300 days in temperate climate conditions. The DS18B20 thermometers allow for accurate and stable temperature measurement (the mean absolute error after laboratory calibration was 0.02°C). The cost of a single measurement-registration device was approximately 76 EUR, representing a competitive price in comparison with commercial data loggers. This allows, with relatively low expenditure, the creation of extensive observation networks for the analysis of the heat flow process in high temporal and spatial resolution.