Geomatics and Environmental Engineering
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ISSN 1898-1135
e-ISSN: 2300-7095
Issue Date
2012
Volume
Vol. 6
Number
No. 4
Description
Journal Volume
Geomatics and Environmental Engineering
Vol. 6 (2012)
Projects
Pages
Articles
A review of robust estimation methods applied in surveying
(2012) Banaś, Marek
This paper provides a review of popular outlier-robust methods used in surveying. The presented methods have been divided into two groups i.e. active and passive methods. The first group comprises the following methods: the Huber Method, the Hampel Method, the Danish Method, the Gaździcki Method, the Least Absolute Deviation and a Choice Rule of Alternative. The second group of methods is represented by the so called iterative data snooping (IDS) and i-test. There are M-estimation rules presented in the introduction to the review of active methods.
Model of transformation of cadastral maps of former Austrian annexation with additional conditions on transformation parameters
(2012) Hanus, Paweł
Transformation of cadastral maps of former Austrian annexation, taking into account accepted solutions is very troublesome. Lack of control points cause, that for correct transformation it is necessary to get such points by direct measurement in the field. Points being measured in the field can be treated as control points. Unfortunately, since such maps were made in the end of XIX century, many details being drawn on them were changed. It also concerns parcel boundaries. In many cases surveyor is not able to identify suitable amount of control points and determine their coordinates. In such case very helpful can be complement of transformation equations with additional conditions, assuming that identified on the former cadastral map boundary point is to be placed on boundary, measured in the field. Despite the fact, that ends of boundary changed over the years, yet direction of boundary is the same, very of ten. Addition of such conditions permits on improving results of such made transformation. There is a model of such example, together with an computational example, presented in the paper.
Analysis of accuracy of determination of eccentric point coordinates of the KRAW permanent geodetic station in RTK GPS measuring mode with the application of the NAWGEO service of the ASG-EUPOS system
(2012) Krzyżek, Robert; Skorupa, Bogdan
A short analysis of the behaviour of the spatial coordinates of eccentric points KRA8 and KRA9 of the KRAW permanent geodesic station in the ASG EUPOS system over time was conducted. Measurements were conducted on eccentric points in real time in RTK GPS mode, over several measuring cydes. Two GPS receivers of various manufacturers were applied for research measurements. Obtained measurement results - spatial coordinates - were related to values accepted as error free, obtained from the ETRV 2000 measuring campaign.
Co-incineration of large quantities of alternative fuels in a cement kiln - the problem of air pollutant emissions
(2012) Oleniacz, Robert; Kasietczuk, Magdalena
Over the last few years, a significant increase in the use of alternative fuels in the Polish cement industry has been observed. These are mainly waste and waste-derived fuels. The national leader in this field is Chełm cement plant, with the share of alternative fuels in the cement kiln heat balance reaching in 2012 the level of 78.5%. In this paper, an analysis of the emission rate of air pollutants from cement clinkering process in the above-mentioned cement plant in the years 1998-2012 was carried out, using the results of continuous and periodic measurements. The compliance with the emission limit values applicable for cement kilns co-incinerating waste was assessed, and the influence of large amounts of burnt alternative fuels on the emission of substances such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulphur dioxide (SO2), total dust, carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen chloride (HO), hydrogen fluoride (HF), total organic carbon (TOC), heavy metals (Hg, Cd, Tl, Sb, As, Pb, Cr, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni and V) as well as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs).
Application of IBIS system to measuring and analysis of displacement on the example of bridge
(2012) Owerko, Tomasz; Puniach, Edyta; Sukta, Olga
This paper presents the issue of building structure measurements. The artide presents capabilities of ground-based interferometric radar IBIS in precise survey of bridge spans displacements. Of is shown by an example of complete survey and data processing of a railway bridge.