Geology, Geophysics & Environment
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ISSN 2299-8004
e-ISSN: 2353-0790
Issue Date
2013
Volume
Vol. 39
Number
No. 1
Description
Journal Volume
Geology, Geophysics & Environment
Vol. 39 (2013)
Projects
Pages
Articles
Molluscan assemblages in Late Holocene deposits in Busko-Zdrój (Nida Basin, Southern Poland)
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2013) Alexandrowicz, Witold Paweł; Gołas-Siarzewska, Magdalena
Late Holocene deposits containing abundant and well-preserved malacofauna were exposed within the Spa Park in Busko-Zdrój. Molluscan shells were found in sand, dark muds and calcareous muds. Dark and calcareous muds are intercalated by fine-grained sand and peat devoid of malacofauna. Ali these deposits were accumulated on swampy, flat bottom of wide river valley. The result of radiocarbon dating has shown that the formation of the deposits started in the upper part of the Subboreal Phase. Numerous Late Medieval portery shards were found in several topmost profile sections. The identified malacofauna suggests that similar climatic and habitat conditions prevailed throughout the entire sedimentation period. Snails typical of open habitats, accompanied by hygrophilous taxa, play a dominant role. Mesophilous and aquatic taxa occur in accessory proportions, while shadow-loving forms are virtually absent.
Examples of applications of geothermal waters for recreation, heating and bottling in selected regions of Hungary
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2013) Hałaj, Elżbieta ; Wachowicz-Pyzik, Anna
Due to the favourable geothermal conditions in Hungary, where the geothermal gradient is about 1.5 times greater than the world average, the country has numerous centers, which use geothermal waters directly for heating, recreation, or bottling purposes. There are plenty of thermal and mineral water springs, most of which were known even 4000 years ago. This article presents different applications of geothermal waters, illustrated with examples of spas, recreation and balneology centers like the largest spa complexes in Europe - Széchenyi Spa and 500 years old Rudas Spa located in Budapest, Egerszalók with unique travertine deposit or Miscolctapolca in the area of Miskolc where a thermal karstic cave system originally carved and dissolved by the water in karstified Triassic limestone was transformed into a complex of geothermal swimming pools. The dynamic development of the geothermal energy uses system in Veresegyház, which total installed thermal capacity is nearly 13 MW with the total track length of 15 km geothermal pipe line, classify the Veresegyház as one of the most extended geothermal systems in Hungary.
Application of inverse Q filtering for improvement of seismic resolution in the Zechstein formation (SW Poland)
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2013) Król, Monika; Cichostępski, Kamil; Dec, Jerzy; Pietsch, Kaja
Seismic wave attenuation has strong, negative effect on the seismic data resolution. The high influence of this phenomenon was observed during realization of seismic survey »Duża Wólka 3D« (Geofizyka Kraków S.A. 2010a). The resolution of recorded seismic data was very low due to high attenuation caused by the Lower Triassic Buntsandstein sandstones. In consequence, interpretation of the thin-layered Zechstein formation is ambiguous. The aim of this paper is to present the multi-stage algorithm for the purpose of minimizing the attenuation effect, hence increasing the resolution of the seismic data. In order to achieve this, the inverse <i>Q</i> filtering process was used. The <i>Q</i> factor (quality factor) was estimated from the vertical seismic profiling data (Geofizyka Kraków S.A. 2010c). To verify the effectiveness of inverse <i>Q</i> filtering, seismic modelling was performed. Results received from seismic modelling gave basis for application the inverse <i>Q</i> filtering on real data. For this operation the seismic time profile inline 112 was chosen from the seismic data set »Duża Wólka 3D«. Application of inverse <i>Q</i> filtering significantly increased the seismic resolution, which enabled the interpretation of the Zechstein formation with more accuracy.
Determining rock pore space using image processing methods
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2013) Mazurkiewicz, Łukasz; Młynarczuk, Mariusz
This paper presents the possibilities of using image processing for determining effective porosity in carbonate and terrigenous rocks. For the purpose of the research, an algorithm was created, which automatically determines the percentage of pore space, based on the analysis of video sequences registered with the use of a microscope. Up to this point stereological research used for describing rock porosity was conducted manually, which is both troublesome and time consuming. The proposed algorithm uses a series of transformation operations such as: non-context operations, contextual operations and morphological transformations. The presented algorithm was tested on video sequences of thin sections of carbonates from Buszewo and Kościan, and sandstones from Dobrzyca and Solec. The obtained results show, that the method of automatic video sequence analysis used for detection and measurement of porosity leads to satisfying results.
Modelling of distribution and geometry of lithological complexes of the Ecca Group (the Karoo Supergroup) in SW Botswana
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2013) Wendorff, Marek; Radwański, Lechosław; Papiernik, Bartosz
The Ecca Group, a subdivision of the Karoo Supergroup (Upper Carboniferous - Lower Jurassic) in SW Botswana is a sequence deposited as marine deltaic bodies considered to have been supplied from a cratonic source elevated north of the basin. The Karoo strata in this region are covered unconformably by sands of the Kalahari Beds (Upper Cretaceous - Recent). Therefore the bedrock outcrops are extremely rare, limited in size and a low number of boreholes drilled in this vast area (ca. 340 x 540 km) provide the only insights into the succession of the Karoo Supergroup. Very long distances between individual boreholes make correlation, interpolation between localities and interpretations of geometry of lithological bodies that would provide clues supporting basin analysis by traditional means problematic. To achieve the first approximation of the space-time relations between lithologically complex Ecca Group lithofacies associations modelling of these sediments using Petrel software was performed. These relations in turn suggest evolutionary trends of the basin during deposition of the Ecca Group strata. The model suggests two main zones of supply indicated by two distinctly different patterns of deltaic lithofacies associations, and their evolution controlled by post-Dwyka palaeotopography and its subsequent modifications by local subsidence in the centre of the depository. Initially rapid southward progradation of relatively fine-grained delta body located in the west of the area was followed by subsidence-induced aggradation interrupted by stages of abandonment and marine transgression. Such variations, emphasised by the presence of sandy clinoforms of the delta lobes separated by basinal »fines«, imply significant interplay between rates of supply and subsidence. On the other hand, the delta formed in the east contains relatively high proportion of coarse-grained sandstone facies overlying prodelta fines as laterally extensive tabular body formed most probably by lateral migration of distributary channels and delta-front mouthbars, and devoid of abandonment stages. Proximal litofacies of the 'western delta' fill the subsiding depocentre and grade distally into synchronously deposited prodelta fines towards the south. By contrast, distal fine-grained prodelta facies fill basin depocentre in the eastern area and are overlain by proximal facies of the 'eastern delta'.