Geologia
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ISSN 0138-0974
e-ISSN: 2353-0782
Issue Date
2008
Volume
T. 34
Number
Nr 4
Description
Journal Volume
Geologia
T. 34 (2008)
Projects
Pages
Articles
127 lat geologii inżynierskiej
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2008) Kaczyński, Ryszard R.
127 years have elapsed in 2007 since the publication of the first manual of engineering geology marking the historical commencements of this discipline. The beginnings, scope, competences and activities of engineering geologists over the years 1880-2007 are discussed. Two basic periods can be distinguished in the history of engineering geology: the first - till 1964 that is till the foundation of the International Association of Engineering Geology and the Environment (IAEG) and the second one after 1964. The role of IAEG is coordinating and initiating engineering geological activities and its statutes define the scope of competences of engineering geologists. The beginnings and development of Polish engineering geology are discussed against the international engineering geological background. The report of the Joint European Working Group (JEWG) reviewed in the final part of the present paper defines the position of engineering geology among other geoengineering disciplines and such international bodies as ISSMGE (International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering) and ISRM (International Society for Rock Mechanics). Over the years engineering geology has become an independent discipline in scientific hierarchy equal to soil and rock mechanics.
O właściwościach gruntów mało spoistych zmieniających się w procesie konsolidacji na podstawie badań pasty gruntowej
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2008) Borowczak, Paweł
Increasingly often, the construction industry is required to erect structures in areas which, until recently, have been avoided due to difficult conditions in which to build the foundation. The expansion of real estate in cities has limited investors' freedom to choose building locations, forcing them to erect structures also on low-strength soils. Organic soils are commonly considered low-strength. Mineral plastic and soft plastic cohesionless soils are also low-strength. The author believes that fully saturated cohesive soils with a plasticity index $I_{p} <$ pose greatest problems in the proper assessment of geotechnical parameters. In the Poznań area, these are unconsolidated Baltic glaciation moraine (ablation) tills. These are classified as silty sands (PN-EN ISO 14688-1:2006, PN-EN ISO 14688-2:2006). It is commonly known that weak soils subjected to static loads undergo consolidation, which leads to greater strength which results in greater subsoil strength. The article discusses the results of studies of the impact of consolidation on changes in plasticity and strength of soil paste prepared from ablation tills.
O ściśliwości gruntów prekonsolidowanych
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2008) Suchnicka, Hanna
Three cohesive soils (clays) that were found to occur in the area of decompression resulting from the construction of a deep opencast were tested for compressibility. The tests involved three cycles: 1. soil specimens of a natural moisture content were made subject to loading, 2. the specimens were subjected to unloading and examined for swelling, 3. once again were the specimens made subject to loading. Measurements were conducted using oedometers of standard dimensions, corrections being made for self-deformations of the apparatus, over the loading range of 0-450 kPa. The results have revealed that the deformability of the soils depended on the unloading method applied, which influenced the value of the preconsolidation pressure as well.
Ocena warunków geotechnicznych podłoża na potrzeby modernizacji jazu na Nysie Łużyckiej przy elektrowni wodnej Zielisko
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2008) Dzidowska, Krystyna; Noga, Lech
The paper presents an assessment of subsoil geotechnical conditions, aimed at eliminating hazards to the planned safe operation of the weir. Borehole drilling and sounding results showed that the subsoil under the weir structure is made up of loose aggregates, clayey aggregates and plastic loams. The adverse condition of the soils had been caused by intensive river water infiltration through the subsoil under the weir. A »hollow channel« filled with clayey suspension was the evidence of intensive tunnelling in the clays and that the tunnelling already assumes the form of a hydraulic punch-through which poses a danger that the soils under the weir will be displaced and as a result the weir will be damaged or destroyed.
Optyczno-elektroniczny sposób określania składu granulometrycznego gruntów i możliwości zastosowania w geologii inżynierskiej
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2008) Kamiński, Stanisław; Trzciński, Jerzy
Nowadays there are available technical possibilities to avoid manually difficult and work-consuming measurements of soil grain composition (e.g. sieve or sedimentation analysis). Such measurements can be replaced by optical-electronic instruments called Elsieve that are more common in Poland. The instruments are used for determination of grain-size distribution of gains and particles with diameter form 0.5 μm to 100 mm. Additionally there is possibility to determine shape of grains by 3D measurements and other graining parameters. The measuring system can consist of any number of instruments, connected with recording computer. Every computer of any measuring instruments is connected with the server. The created network allows to save measuring results at computer that works with particular instrument and at other computers. Such a system is used for measurements of soil and other geomaterials grain composition in laboratory at Institute of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, Faculty of Geology, University of Warsaw.