Geologia
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ISSN 0138-0974
e-ISSN: 2353-0782
Issue Date
2011
Volume
T. 37
Number
Nr 2
Description
Journal Volume
Geologia
T. 37 (2011)
Projects
Pages
Articles
Zaciskanie wyrobisk na dużych głębokościach w górotworze solnym
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2011) Bieniasz, Józef; Wojnar, Waldemar; Sadowski, Andrzej; Wrzosek, Joanna
Measurements of the natural convergence of salt excavation at large depth exceeding 900 meters are conducted for 20 years by OBR Chemkop in Polkowice-Sieroszowice. In 2009 and 2010 the range of measurements increased to a dozen or so new stations. A long term observation of the excavation points revealed characteristic phases of the convergence phenomenon. In the first years of the salt excavations existence, values of linear convergence ranged from -100 mm/year to more than -600 mm/year. However, for excavations older than ten years, average speed of convergence varied from -30 mm/year to -100 mm/year. This is a typical graph of deformation for excavations on great depth in salt deposit.
Struktura wewnętrzna i geneza współczesnej pokrywy solnej solniska Salar de Uyuni (Boliwia) w świetle badań tomograficznych
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2011) Burliga, Stanisław; Dohnalik, Marek
This paper presents the results of a study on the internal structure of modern salt crust of Salar de Uyuni in SW Bolivia. Additionally, the structure of desiccation fissure infill was investigated. X-ray microtomography was used as the main analytical method because it enabled the complete structure of the sample's interior to be imaged without its destruction. Based on microtomographic images three layers were distinguished in the crust between the surface and its base: a halite shell at the top, a cellular halite layer in the middle and a large-pore halite layer at the base. Results revealed that the desiccation fissures are filled with extremely porous bubble-halite. Distribution of mud in the sample as well as wash-out of the surfical halite crystals indicate the cyclicity of halite dissolution, its crystallisation and mud accumulation. These observations provide an explanation for low rate salt accumulation in the salt pan. This leads to the conclusion that the observed layering in the rocks does not reflect annual sedimentation-evaporation cycles but rather long-term cycles.
Geochemia węglowodorów z pierwszego udokumentowanego wystąpienia dolomitu głównego (Ca2) w wysadzie solnym Kłodawy
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2011) Czechowski, Franciszek; Burliga, Stanisław; Hojniak, Marek
This paper presents the results of geochemical analysis of hydrocarbons occurring in rock formations belonging to Main Dolomite cells (Ca2) Zechstein Stinking Shale (T2) as well as bitumen found in veins intersecting the rock formations of the Kłodawa Salt Dome (central Poland). Samples were analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Hydrocarbons contained in the samples derive from algal type II kerogen. Main Dolomite represents the bedrock for entrapped hydrocarbons, however, their genesis through partial migration can not be excluded. Hydrocarbons collected from the solid bitumen samples and the Stinking Shale rock originated from the same marine or lacustrine organic-poor shales and they represent a maturity level around the peak oil window. These are the first geochemical studies of hydrocarbons from Kłodawa Salt Dome Main Dolomite, which indicate that shale-carbonate-sulphate deposits are a potential source of hydrocarbons in the dome.
Skład chemiczny badeńskich solanek z pierwotnych ciekłych inkluzji w halicie, basen zakarpacki (Ukraina)
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2011) Galamay, Anatolyi R.; Bukowski, Krzysztof
The primary fluid inclusions, which may be helpful in detemining the chemical composition of brines in the Badenian evaporite basin, were found in the chevron halite crystals from the Transcarpathian Basin (Ukraine). Fluid inclusions in sedimentary halite were examined with the use of ultra-microchemical analysis. Concentration of brines was high - close to the middle stage of halite sedimentation. The content of ions: K$^{+}$ ranged from 10.6 g/l to 17.6 g/l, Mg$^{2+}$ from 31.4 g/l to 58.3 g/l, and SO$_{4}^{2-}$ from 22.4 g/l to 39.0 g/l. Based on the chemical composition of major ions it was concluded that the brine from the Transcarpathian basin was saturated (to the stage of halite crystallization) and was similar to the Badenian brines from other basins.
Ograniczenie zagrożenia wodnego w zachodniej części Kopalni Soli »Wieliczka« metodą tamowania dopływów
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2011) d'Obyrn, Kajetan; Stecka Jadwiga
One of the methods applied to eliminate water hazards in salt mines is to dam water inflow. Proper geological survey and small orogen perforation by the mining excavations in the outflow region are essential in order to succeed. An example of an effective closure of water inflow into mining excavations is the successful handling of an emergency on the western border of the »Wieliczka« Salt Mine in 1959 when water irrupted into the mine while conducting research bore 6-67 towards the West. The outflow was closed with the system of water dams. This paper presents geological and mining conditions in the western borders of levels 5 and 6, rescue work process, construction of the water dams system and also pressure development on dams.