Geomatics and Environmental Engineering
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ISSN 1898-1135
e-ISSN: 2300-7095
Issue Date
2018
Volume
Vol. 12
Number
No 4
Description
Journal Volume
Geomatics and Environmental Engineering
Vol. 12 (2018)
Projects
Pages
Articles
Spatial policy of selected communes in vicinity of Warsaw in scope of land consolidation areas and secondary land property divisions
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2018) Bartoszczuk, Wojciech; Delnicki, Maciej
The aim of this article was to analyze planning documents - a study of the preconditions and guidelines of spatial development of communes and local spatial development plans - in the context of regulations related to the division into building plots. The analysis was carried out on the examples of selected communes near Warsaw, and planning documents from the years of 1995-2016 were evaluated. This analysis has shown that the issue of land consolidation and the secondary divisions of plots is omitted in studies of the preconditions and guidelines of spatial development. Only exceptionally adjustments are made to the existing parcel divisions in the local plans. Most of them are adapted even when they are not suitable for new functions. It is up to the owners of the properties to make their way of sharing, including internal communication. The rules for the division of land into building plots are mostly in the form of postulates. The minimum plot area was established by a single planning regulation. The minimization or lack of planning regulations in this subject may lead to defective spatial structures, costly in the eventual future process of improving utility standards. There are - on analyzed areas - not only individual plots developed in this way but even entire quarters, cut by a grid of long and narrow streets, serving plots that are difficult to be properly built.
Selected problems of valuation of built-up real properties without considering their components
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2018) Benduch, Piotr; Butryn, Krzysztof
The Act of August 21, 1997, on Real Estate Management lays down a series of procedures for which a property appraiser is required to estimate the value of a property built up on the theoretical assumption that the land is undeveloped, thus excluding the components of the property. Determining the value of such land using a comparative approach methodology has many problems associated with the correct selection of similar properties, especially in the areas of compact urban development and areas for which a local spatial management plan does not apply. This article points to problems related to determining the value of built-up properties that assume that they are undeveloped land. The procedures for managing real estate that require such a valuation are presented in a synthetic manner. For the selected procedures, the practical difficulties were identified. The authors draw attention to the relevance of the issue in the context of its financial implications, especially in view of the introduction of universal taxation of real estate.
Application of advanced statistical procedures for adjustment of measurement results in engineering surveying
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2018) Czaja, Józef; Dąbrowski, Janusz
Measurements in engineering surveying are aimed at determining the coordinates of the points of a geodetic control, spatially setting out a technical design of an engineering structure, determining the spatial coordinates of points (or their displacement) that represent an engineering structure, and identifying the displacement and deformation of a studied engineering structure. Provided that the aforementioned measurements are to represent the same engineering structure, such observation results should be settled (adjusted) in one calculation process. The application of the Gauss-Markov theorem for this adjustment using covariance matrix Cov(L) for observed values L is the classical approach for adjusting the results of surveying observations of various accuracy (taking into account accuracy weights). Determining the displacements of points in the process of adjusting the results of periodic measurements, applying different methods of tying geodetic controls to national networks, and using various instruments and measurement methods result in the individual displacement components or coordinates of the observed points being determined with different accuracies. This circumstance forms the basis for the assumption that the estimated parameters (unknown values) should be random. This paper will formulate the principles of estimation of Gauss-Markov models in which the estimated parameters (X) are random. For this purpose, methods for the prior definition of covariance matrix CX for the estimated parameters will be provided, which will be used to determine the conditional covariance matrix of observation vector L and then to estimate the most probable values of the Xˆ parameters. Covariance matrix Cov(Xˆ) obtained as a result of this estimation will be used to define the limit values of the variances of these parameters.
Study of selected textural features properties on asbestos roof images
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2018) Książek, Judyta
This research concentrated on an assessment of the sensitivity of five selected textural feature groups focused on changes in contrast, brightness, sharpness, and rotation of image . The analyzed texture images were real samples of asbestos roofs . During the study, MaZda software was used for determining 259 different textural features. The obtained results were analyzed to indicate insensitive parameters while transforming the sample image. There were no textural features found in the received results, which were simultaneously resistant to all of the implemented changes.
Photogrammetric 3D measurements based on immersive panoramas
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2018) Kwiatek, Karol; Tokarczyk, Regina
This article presents the concept of photogrammetric measurements based on immersive video, i.e., video recorded by a mobile immersive camera. The camera records a series of 360° images, which is facilitated by the application of a few cameras whose perspective centers are at some distance from the common »virtual« perspective center. The aim of this article is to test the potential of panorama-based measurements and to analyze their accuracy. The article presents the immersive model geometry and the application of immersive imaging in a spherical model that is used in SfM software (e.g., Photoscan). The impact of immersive imaging parameters on the photogrammetric measurement accuracy was examined. The accuracy of panorama-based photogrammetric measurements depends on set sphere radius R and its relationship with the distance to the points of object D and location of the points on the individual images (expressed by angles ε and ξ). The article analyzes how the modification of sphere radius R and the radius of the masking circle influences the accuracy of the measurements based on immersive panoramas. The outcomes of this research indicate that the sphere radius R of the immersive panorama used in the photogrammetric measurements should be smaller than the average spatial reach of the survey points and the reduction of the masking circle lowers the number of mean errors on the ground control points. Immersive panoramas enable adjusting the sphere radius (R) depending on the distance to the object. However, it is difficult to find the right sphere radius for the entire recorded the scene.