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JOURNAL OF CASTING & MATERIALS ENGINEERING

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Journal of Casting & Materials Engineering is a peer-reviewed, academic e-periodical devoted to issues in engineering processes and casting materials. The periodical is published as a quarterly in the open access system by the AGH University of Krakow. The JCME publishes original research articles, as well as reviews and theoretical articles. The mission of the periodical is to contribute to the development of knowledge and new scientific ideas in the field of engineering processes and casting materials.

New!   Aktualny numer: 2026 - Vol. 10 - No. 1

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Now showing 1 - 10 of 165
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    Item type:Article, Access status: Open Access ,
    The Influence of Modified Inorganic Binders Intended for 3D Printing on Selected Properties of Thermally Cured Moulding Sands – Conventionally and with Microwaves
    (AGH University Press, 2026) Halejcio, Dawid M.; Major-Gabryś, Katarzyna
    This study determined the impact of thermal curing on the basic properties of moulding compounds made with commercial inorganic binders and binders based on them, modified for use in 3D printing technology (Binder Jetting). Two inorganic binders based on sodium silicate and a binder based on aluminosilicates were tested. As part of the work, the parameters for thermal curing of the mixtures were selected: for curing in a dryer, the best properties were obtained for mixtures containing 2.0 p.p.w. of binder cured for 10 min at 160°C. In the case of microwave curing, the best properties were obtained for moulding sands containing 2.0 p.p.w. of binder cured for 6 min at a device power of 800 W. The tests showed that the basic properties of moulding compounds with binders developed on the basis of commercial binders for use in 3D printing technology, thermally cured in a dryer, do not differ significantly from the properties of compounds with commercial binders. In the case of microwave curing, a reduction in the strength of compounds with new binders was observed in relation to compounds with classic binders. Thermal deformation tests of compounds with classic and modified binders confirmed the typical behavior observed for inorganic systems. It was proven that new, modified inorganic binders developed for 3D printing of moulds and cores using Binder Jetting technology can be used as binding materials in thermally cured moulding sands. Both thermal curing methods were assessed as suitable for curing moulding compounds with new binders.
  • thumbnail.journal.alt
    Item type:Article, Access status: Open Access ,
    Quaternionic Quantum Mechanics: the Particles, Their q-Potentials and Mathematical Electron Model
    (AGH University Press, 2026) Bożek, Bogusław; Danielewski, Marek; Sapa, Lucjan
    In this work we show the quaternionic quantum descriptions of physical processes from the Planck to macro scale. The results presented here are based on the concepts of the Cauchy continuum and the elementary cell at the Planck scale. The structurally symmetric quaternion relations and the postulate of the quaternion velocity have been important in the present development. The momentum of the expansion and compression $u̇_{0}(t, x)$ is the consequence of the scalar term $\sigma_{0}(t, x)$ in the quaternionic deformation potential. The quaternionic $G_{0}(m)(σ_{0} + \hat{\textstyle \phi} )$, vectorial $G_{0}(m) \hat{\textstyle \phi}$ and scalar $G_{0}(m)\sigma_{0}$ propagators are used to generate the second order PDE systems for the proton, electron and neutron. A mathematical model of an electron is formulated. It is described by the hyperbolic-elliptic partial differential system of quaternion equations with the initial-boundary conditions. The boundary conditions are generated by the quaternion energy flux that is found with the use of the Gauss theorem, the Cauchy–Riemann derivative and other mathematical formulas. The rigorous assessment of the second order PDE systems allows the proposal of two second order PDE systems for the $u$ and $d$ quarks from the up and down groups. It was verified that both the proton and the neutron obey experimental findings and are formed by three quarks. The proton and neutron are formed by the $d$-$u$-$u$ and $d$-$d$-$u$ complexes, respectively. The u and d quarks do not comply with the Cauchy equation of motion. The inconsistencies of the quarks’ PDE with the quaternion forms of the Cauchy equation of motion account for their short lifetime and the observed Quarks Chains. That is, they explain the Wilczek phenomenological paradox: Quarks are Born Free, but everywhere they are in Chains.
  • thumbnail.journal.alt
    Item type:Journal Volume,
  • thumbnail.journal.alt
    Item type:Journal Issue,
    Journal of Casting & Materials Engineering
    2026 - Vol. 10 - No. 1
  • thumbnail.journal.alt
    Item type:Journal Issue,
    Journal of Casting & Materials Engineering
    2025 - Vol. 9 - No. 4
  • thumbnail.journal.alt
    Item type:Article, Access status: Open Access ,
    Influence of the Addition of Tellurium and Heat Treatment on the Microstructure of Hypoeutectic White Cast Iron
    (AGH University Press, 2025) Trela-Przybyło, Alicja; Kawalec, Magdalena; Górny, Marcin
    This study investigates how the addition of tellurium and heat treatment affects the microstructure of hypoeutectic white cast iron that has been modified with alloying elements such as titanium, chromium and vanadium. Samples with different chemical compositions were prepared and subjected to a two-step heat treatment process. Microstructural characterisation was performed using optical and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that introducing tellurium significantly affects the morphology of the cementite and carbide phases, causing them to fragment and become more evenly distributed. Furthermore, heat treatment enhanced matrix refinement and promoted phase stability. The combination of tellurium addition and heat treatment produced the most favourable microstructures, characterised by the high dispersion of hard phases within a fine-grained matrix.
  • thumbnail.journal.alt
    Item type:Article, Access status: Open Access ,
    The Implementation Potential of the Hybrid Hot Metal Desulfurization Model – The Transformation of Research Results into Technological Recommendations
    (AGH University Press, 2025) Podolska-Loska, Angelika; Falkus, Jan
    This study presents the development of a hybrid model for the desulfurization of hot metal using dual reagent injection of CaO and Mg, integrating thermodynamic equilibrium calculations with kinetic analysis based on Tank Theory. The objective is to provide practical technological recommendations that enable effective industrial application of the process. The model allows real-time simulation of sulfur concentration changes under varying parameters such as reagent dosage and mixing intensity, while an optimization module supports the selection of operating conditions by balancing desulfurization efficiency with material consumption and operational costs. The system adapts to changing technological conditions including feedstock composition and process temperature, ensuring flexibility in industrial practice. In addition to process control, the model incorporates economic evaluation by correlating reagent consumption with achieved technological outcomes, which enhances its practical value. The proposed solution represents a step toward intelligent desulfurization systems that combine the precision of physicochemical modeling with the adaptability of modern process control. Implementation of the hybrid model may lead to higher efficiency, reduced consumption of consumables, and stable achievement of target sulfur levels, thereby strengthening the economic competitiveness of iron production.
  • thumbnail.journal.alt
    Item type:Article, Access status: Open Access ,
    The Influence of the Knock-out Additive on the Mechanical Properties of Cores Made in the Core Blowing Process
    (AGH University Press, 2025) Bobrowski, Artur; Kowalski, Jakub
    The article presents the results of research on the effect of an additive improving shakeout (perlite ore with a specified grain size) on the mechanical properties of cores produced by the blowing process. The study was conducted on cores (standard specimens for tensile strength testing) made from core sands with varying amounts of loosening additive, depending on the core box temperature and shooting time, at a constant operating pressure of the shooting machine. The temperature of the core box at which the cores achieved the best mechanical properties was identified, and the necessity of optimizing both the amount of perlite ore additive and the binder content in the core sand to ensure the required mechanical properties of the cores was demonstrated.
  • thumbnail.journal.alt
    Item type:Article, Access status: Open Access ,
    Reverse Engineering and Computer Modelling in Archaeometallurgy for the Reconstruction of Heritage Objects Using Precision Casting and 3D Printing
    (AGH University Press, 2025) Marlicka, Karolina; Fijołek, Andrzej; Garbacz-Klempka, Aldona; Piękoś, Marcin
    This article presents an interdisciplinary approach to the reconstruction of a copper-alloy artefact using reverse engineering techniques combined with modern digital and manufacturing technologies. The research was motivated by the need to better understand historical casting techniques while preserving the integrity of cultural heritage objects through non-destructive methods. The study integrates 3D scanning, CAD-based modelling, numerical simulations, investment casting, and metal additive manufacturing. The geometry of the artefact was captured using high-resolution 3D scanning, enabling the development of two CAD models: one representing the preserved state of the object and a second reconstructed model with the missing fragment digitally restored. Both models were used for numerical simulations of mould filling, solidification, cooling, and porosity formation performed in MAGMASOFT® 6.1, allowing the assessment of technological feasibility and defect formation. Based on the simulation results, physical replicas were produced using investment casting and selective laser melting. The obtained numerical and experimental results were compared in terms of geometry reproduction, surface characteristics, and predicted versus observed casting behaviour. The study demonstrates that the combination of digital reconstruction, simulation tools, and experimental manufacturing provides a reliable framework for analysing historical metallurgical processes. The proposed methodology supports both scientific interpretation and the practical reconstruction of heritage objects and can be applied to a wide range of archaeometallurgical studies.
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    Item type:Article, Access status: Open Access ,
    Influence of selected corrosive environment on the scale formation in selected materials manufactured by directed energy deposition 3D printing technology
    (AGH University Press, 2025) Małysza, Marcin; Rząd, Ewa; Zięba, Łukasz
    Additive technologies, and in particular Directed Energy Deposition (DED), are becoming an increasingly important tool for the rapid production of components operating in, among others, the energy, aviation, petrochemical industries, where components are exposed to extreme thermochemical conditions. In the article, the influence of various corrosive atmospheres atmospheric air, water vapor and SO?-argon- mixture – on the process of scale formation on the surface of materials manufactured using Directed Energy Deposition (DED) technology is presented. The tests were carried out at a temperature of 600°C (for air and water vapor) and 300°C (for SO?-argon atmosphere). The mass increase and surface damage was monitored. It has been shown that the chemical composition of materials, especially the content of alloying elements such as Cr and Ni, is crucial for corrosion resistance. The obtained results provide the basis for further optimization of the composition of powders used in additive man ufacturing techniques, in terms of operating conditions in aggressive environments.