Geomatics and Environmental Engineering
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ISSN 1898-1135
e-ISSN: 2300-7095
Issue Date
2023
Volume
Vol. 17
Number
No 5
Description
Journal Volume
Geomatics and Environmental Engineering
Vol. 17 (2023)
Projects
Pages
Articles
The business model for access to affordable RE on economic, social, and environmental value - a review
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2023) Erdiwansyah, Erdiwansyah; Gani, Asri; Mamat, Rizalman; Nizar, Muhammad; Yana, Syaifuddin; Rosdi, S. M.; Zaki, Muhammad; Sardjono, Ratnaningsih Eko
Renewable energy has the potential to power the global economy and effective business models will significantly aid this goal, being among the most critical factors in spurring expansion in the energy industry. This paper reviews articles that discuss business models in the renewable energy sector. Longterm economic, social, and ecological stability is concerned. Previous studies have neglected the environmental sustainability of renewable energy business models, focusing on their technical, social, and economic aspects, primarily for energy access. The business models for solar home and pico systems relied heavily on lowering costs through creative payment plans for customers to be commercially viable. The demand for mini-grids requires end users to launch businesses that can leverage electrification initiatives to be commercially viable. The success of a mini-grid depends on the average consumption and revenue per user. Affordability, unmet energy needs, low electricity demand, lack of financing, unfamiliar business models, and immature markets have impeded energy access in Indonesia. Our analysis revealed that future studies in this field must include environmental sustainability to provide a complete picture for decision-makers. Renewable energy needs in Indonesia can be achieved through the sustainability domain, policy makers can consult this evidence set.
Basic issues of brandy industry waste conservation
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2023) Sahakyan, Samvel; Yedoyan, Tatevik; Sukiasyan, Robert; Baghdagyulyan, Armine; Bakunts, Satenik
The purpose of the study is to cost-effective and environmentally friendly procedures for the condensation of waste generated from brandy production (distillery dreg) for agricultural use. The experiments were carried out between 2020–2022 under laboratory conditions. It has been shown that in order to reduce the significant cost of distillery dreg transportation, it is advisable to carry out its condensation by means of distillation. Laboratory studies and feasibility calculations revealed that distillery dreg may be condensed by up to five times, allowing for a corresponding reduction in transportation costs, while maintaining its quality indicators. It is suggested that the brandy alcohol distillation process be altered in a way that will allow for the production of condensed distillery dreg substance, with minimal additional energy expenditure and capital investment. The suggested method makes it possible to not only improve the ameliorative conditions of agricultural land, but also to address significant environmental protection issues.
Calculation of road traffic noise, development of data, and spatial interpolations for traffic noise visualization in three-dimensional space
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2023) Wickramathilaka, Nevil; Ujang, Uznir; Azri, Suhaibah; Choon, Tan Liat
Road traffic noise visualization is vital in three-dimensional (3D) space. Designing noise observation points (NOPs) and the developments of spatial interpolations are key elements for the visualization of traffic noise in 3D. Moreover, calculating road traffic noise levels by means of a standard noise model is vital. This study elaborates on the developments of data and spatial interpolations in 3D noise visualization. In 3D spatial interpolation, the value is interpolated in both horizontal and vertical directions. Eliminating flat triangles is vital in the vertical direction. Inverse distance weighted (IDW), kriging, and triangular irregular network (TIN) are widely used to interpolate noise levels. Because these interpolations directly support the interpolation of three parameters, the developments of spatial interpolations should be applied to interpolate noise levels in 3D. The TIN noise contours are primed to visualize traffic noise levels while IDW and kriging provide irregular contours. Further, this study has identified that the TIN noise contours fit exactly with NOPs in 3D. Moreover, advanced kriging interpolation such as empirical Bayesian kriging (EBK) also provides irregular shape contours and this study develops a comparison for such contours. The 3D kriging in EBK provides a significant approach to interpolate noise in 3D. The 3D kriging voxels show a higher accurate visualization than TIN noise contours.
Challenges and issues in Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) development in Iraq
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2023) Al-Bakri, Maythm; Fairbairn, David
This paper addresses the nature of Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI), considered as one of the most important concepts to ensure effective functioning in a modern society. It comprises a set of continually developing methods and procedures providing the geospatial base supporting a country’s governmental, environmental, economic, and social activities. In general, the SDI framework consists of the integration of various elements including standards, policies, networks, data, and end users and application areas. The transformation of previously paper-based map data into a digital format, the emergence of GIS, and the Internet and a host of online applications (e.g., environmental impact analysis, navigation, applications of VGI data, governmental efficiency drives) have led to huge leaps forward in SDI development. However, SDI progress can be held back by numerous challenges, both technical and non-technical. The paper outlines these challenges from the perspective of the country of Iraq, where there is an absence of a clear direction towards efficient SDI operation and a lack of knowledge for establishing and managing effective SDI. These challenges could be met by considering and resolving generic issues, identified by the experiences of other nations, by researchers, and by organisations. These issues are investigated and assessed by means of a questionnaire survey and interviews, directed towards important participants in the field of SDI development in the country. The results present the SDI issues in order of relevance to assist developers and users in solving potential SDI and data integration problems within Iraq.
Mapping and assessment of geological lineaments with the contribution of Earth observation data - a case study of the Zaer Granite Massif, Western Moroccan Meseta
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2023) Zoraa, Noura; Raji, Mohammed; El Hadi, Hassan; Maimouni, Soufiane; Si Mhamdi, Hicham; Reddad, Aicha; Zahour, Ghalem; Ait-Yazza, Achraf
The Zaer granitic massif is one of the most important Variscan granitoids in the Central Zone of the Western Moroccan Meseta. It is characterized by a deformation which is manifested by a network of fractures of different scales. Thanks to the technology currently available, many geological studies rely heavily on the mapping of geological lineaments, especially in structural geology. This has become more reliable with access to earth observation data using optical and radar sensors as well as the various remote sensing techniques. Therefore, the objective of this work is to determine the potential of Landsat 8, ASTER, Sentinel 2 and radar Sentinel 1 datasets using the automatic method to extract lineaments. Furthermore, this work focuses on quantitative lineament analysis to determine lineament trends and subsequently compare them with global and regional tectonic movement trends. The lineaments obtained through different satellite images were validated by including the shaded relief maps, the slope map, the correlation with the pre-existing faults in the geological maps as well as the field investigation. Comparison of these results indicates that Sentinel 1 imagery provides a better correlation between automated extraction lineaments and major fault zones. Thus, Sentinel 1 data is more effective in mapping geological lineaments. The final lineament map obtained from the VH and VV polarizations shows two major fault systems, mainly oriented NE-SW and NW-SE to NNW-SSE.