AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas
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ISSN 2299-4157
e-ISSN: 2300-7052
Issue Date
2014
Volume
Vol. 31
Number
No. 1
Description
Journal Volume
AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas
Vol. 31 (2014)
Projects
Pages
Articles
Role of underground gas storage in the EU natural gas market
(2014) Janusz, Piotr; Kaliski, Maciej; Szurlej, Adam
One of the main intentions of the European Union is to create common and liberalizated market of natural gas in Europe. Actions has been taken in this area for a few years, however achived effects do not reach the aims that were assumed at the beginning. The quantity of natural gas consumption in the European Union during last years is characterized by a declining tendency (decreasing usage of natural gas in power sector, higher temperature during autumn and winter season also infulences on limiting of natural gas demand), in 2012 the consumption was forming on the level of 444 billion m$^{3}$, and for example in 2008 it amounted to 497 billion m$^{3}$. The regulations concerning the natural gas market embrace all of the elements which have an impact on building consolidated and liberalizated market, it means: transfer, distribution and LNG, storage. The authors of this article wants to draw one's attention to the particular role of underground gas storages and depict change of the tasks, which they have to fulfill on the liberalizating market of natural gas in Europe (ie. Price arbitration). The purpose of this article is to present the current situation on the market of storage services, which means available storage capacities, the level of their usage and plans regarding extension and constructing of new capacities.
Analysis of waste mud stability
(2014) Jamrozik, Aleksandra; Gonet, Andrzej; Fijał, Jerzy; Terpiłowski, Konrad; Czekaj, Lucyna
Drilling fluids play a number of functions, e.g. they remove cuttings, lubricate the drill bits, maintain stability of the hole and prevent the inflow-outflow of fluids between well and the shales. For this reason, they are made of complex polymeric-mineral microcomposites of differentiated chemical and mineralogical-phase content with varying share of colloidal phase in dispersed solid phase in water, i.e. water-based muds (WBM) or oil environment, i.e oil-based muds (OBM). The major factor providing stability of the presented systems is the high participation of clayey minerals (smectite group), long-chain polymers and chemicals stabilizing dispersions. The results of analyses of concentrated dispersions of waste muds from a few regions in Poland are presented int he paper. These are plastic-viscous dispersions of rheological parameters described most frequently by the Herschel-Bulkley model, the flow of which is connected with deformations of internal structures in the analyzed systems taking place in a function of temperature. There are also presented measurement results of light transmission and backscattering in the analyzed range of temperatures, i.e. 20 to 60°C with the use of Turbiscan Lab., Formulaction. The stability indicator is the turbiscan stability index (TSI).
Rationalization process in the refining sector of the European Union in the context of activities aimed at restoring the competitiveness of refineries
(2014) Białek, Maciej; Gross-Gołacka, Elwira; Kaliski, Maciej
Analysis of factors shaping the market environment the oil sector in the European Union leads to the conclusion that the main elements having an impact on the profitability of refinery operations include their complexity index, access to a particular slate of crude oil, supply infrastructure (land premium, supply side, etc.) as well as laws and regulations regarding this very industry (both EU and national legislation). It should be emphasized that on the one hand European refiners compete against each other on national markets (including the EU market), on the other hand, however, they are vulnerable to competitive activity of refineries from outside of the European Union. Recent years clearly outline the downturn in the oil refining sector of the EU, that is manifested by idling the refineries, changes in their base model activity (conversion into the fuel and crude oil storage sites), or at best sector acquisitions by foreign companies (mainly from the Russian Federation). The progressive loss of capacity of oil refining on the Old Continent will cause significant changes in the energy security of fuel supplies, which simply, will have to be imported from abroad in the foreseeable future. In order to counteract the negative developments in the market, refineries affiliated with professional organizations (such as EUROPIA, Concawe) have taken an action in co-operation with the European Commission and the International Energy Agency aimed to develop the so-called pilot - horizontal control of refining sector efficiency (fitness check) involving the review of existing EU law. The purpose of this activity is to identify unnecessary burdens and unintended, negative impact of existing EU law on the sector. In line with the European Commission plans, the results of a fitness check are to be published in late 2014, yet the new non-legislative and legislative initiatives of the EU should take into account the context of the restoration of refinery competitiveness.
Integrated model of hydraulic fracturing and hydrocarbon production
(2014) Stopa, Jerzy; Wojnarowski, Paweł; Janiga, Damian
The dynamics of discovering conventional hydrocarbon reservoirs has significantly dropped down in the World over the last ten years. Resources deposited in reservoirs having poor properties, where the production with economically justified yield is possible after prior enhancement (hydraulic fracturing in particular), become more important. Accordingly, proper designing of development works and hydraulic fracturing are decisive. Author's methodic and software for integrated modeling of hydraulic fracturing and production with the use of a 3D fracture model are presented in this paper. This can be used for evaluating the efficiency of the fracturing treatment and its optimization. The results of hydraulic fracturing modeling were implemented in the reservoir simulator with the software written in C++. The designed fracture can be introduced into a numerical grid of a reservoir simulator. This tool can be a choice for a quick variant simulation for the best scenario of reservoir development selection. The practical implementation of this program was presented on the example of a »tight gas« reservoir.
Analysis of new generation odorants applicability in the Polish natural gas distribution network
(2014) Liszka, Krystian; Łaciak, Mariusz; Olìjnik, Andrìj
Odorization is the process which has crucial impact on the safety of the distribution and usage of natural gas. A very small amounts of odorant are added into naturally odorless fuel. The odorant has distinctive and well odor. Traditionally, used for decades, odorants are based on sulfur compounds. More recently in some countries sulfur-free compound is used as odorant. This article is an attempt to determine the applicability of sulfur-free odorant in natural gas distribution network in Poland. This includes the possibility of implementing a new odorant for the usage in the aspect of existing legislation in the area of odorization. The existing infrastructure used in the process of natural gas odorization has been analyzed and range of necessary adaptation actions has been indicated. The issue of smell diversity in comparison sulfur-free with traditionally used odorants has also been discussed. At the end, the ecological aspects of new odorant usage on a larger scale and re being taken under consideration.