Metallurgy and Foundry Engineering
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ISSN 1230-2325
e-ISSN: 2300-8377
Issue Date
2016
Volume
Vol. 42
Number
No. 2
Description
Journal Volume
Metallurgy and Foundry Engineering
Vol. 42 (2016)
Projects
Pages
Articles
Microstructure and phase composition of the Ni-Si-B-Ag-based plasma spray deposit
(2016) Ziewiec, Krzysztof; Wojciechowska, Mirosława; Jasiński, Marcin; Mucha, Dariusz; Lis, Marcin
The aim of this work is to study the possibility of obtaining an amorphous-crystalline composite starting from Ni-Si-B-based powder grade 1559-40 and silver powder. The process of plasma spray deposition was performed on a water-cooled copper substrate. The cooling rate was assessed using a mid-wave infrared MWIR camera. The microstructure of the deposit was studied using scanning electron microscope SEM with an energy dispersive spectrometer EDS. Phase identification was performed using X-ray diffraction XRD. The studies confirmed an amorphous-crystalline microstructure of the deposits. The predominant constituent of the microstructure was amorphous regions enriched in Ni, Si, and B, while the other constituent was Ag-rich crystalline inclusions identified as a face-centered cubic fcc.
Application of coatings made by plasma spray and PVD methods for protecting graphite molds
(2016) Nejman, Ilona; Richert, Maria Wiesława; Zawadzka, Paulina
The results of our research on the application of coatings for protecting industrial casting molds are presented. Tests were carried out on graphite molds with deposited Al₂O₃ coatings containing the addition of glassy carbon and with W/Zr/DLC coatings, both examined after the process of pouring molds with molten aluminum bronze. The coatings were applied by two different methods; i.e., plasma spraying in the case of Al₂O₃ + glassy carbon coating and PVD in the case of W/Zr/DLC coating. Reference tests were also conducted on graphite molds without coating. The use of protective coatings on graphite molds seems to be an effective solution. Studies have shown that coatings have good resistance during the casting process. The liquid metal sticking to the surface did not penetrate deep inside the graphite mold. The use of coating technology reduces the amount of downtime necessary to replace worn molds and increases the efficiency of the casting process.
Features of 2017A and AlSi9Mg aluminum alloys friction stir welded with root-side heating
(2016) Mroczka, Krzysztof; Pietras, Adam; Jura, Jerzy
Aluminum alloys 2017A and AlSi9Mg (hypo-eutectic silumin) were friction stir welded with a relatively high linear velocity (over 1 m/min) and use of an additional heat source from the root side of the weld. Macrostructure investigation (with high-resolution images) showed no effect of heating on weld quality. The welding process caused significant fragmentation of the secondary phases in the AlSi9Mg alloy. Furthermore, it was proven that the material above the weld nugget was not mixed and contained micro-defects that were not caused by welding. Also, it contained cavities on the boundaries between Si-particles and the matrix. Based on hardness distribution, a slight strengthening of the cast alloy was observed at the bottom and middle parts of the weld. However, the hardness of the 2017A alloy initially decreased and then increased due to natural aging. This means that the FSW process produced a metastable state in the alloy.
Selection of optimal conditions for solid bonding of the AlSi11 aluminium alloy
(2016) Wzorek, Łukasz; Wędrychowicz, Mateusz; Skrzekut, Tomasz; Noga, Piotr; Wiewióra, Marcel; Wiewióra, Jakub; Sajdak, Wojciech; Richert, Maria Wiesława
In the present work, the optimal conditions for solid bonding of fragmented aluminum alloy were determined. The research was conducted on metal chips from the AlSi11 TM aluminum alloy after the turning process. The selection of proper bonding conditions was based on the results of tensile tests and surface quality analysis of as-extruded profiles. The extrusion process was conducted within a temperature range of 350–500°C, with a ram speed of 13 mm/s. Extrusion ratio ? was 25. As a reference material, a sample from the solid AlSi11 IM alloy has been extruded under the same conditions.The influence of temperature during direct extrusion on both maximum force and surface quality of obtained profiles has been determined. With reference to tensile test results, no significant influence of temperature on the mechanical properties has been noticed. Profiles extruded at 500°C were characterized by visible cracks on the surface, oriented perpendicular in the direction of extrusion. Moreover, surface flaws were also noticed in profiles extruded at 350°C.A tensile test revealed a strong relationship between the extrusion conditions and plasticity of solid bonded rods. A shiny and smooth surface was obtained only in profiles extruded at a temperature range of 400–450°C.
Collection and recycling of spent nickel and lithium batteries and accumulators in Poland
(2016) Rudnik, Ewa
The European Union has established strict requirements for the recycling of spent batteries and accumulators. In Poland, this waste is currently recycled pyrometallurgically solely for Cd, Zn, Pb and ferronickel recovery. However, waste cells (Ni-Cd, Ni-MH, Li-ion) represent a source of strategic metals (Ni, Co, Li). This paper shows an analysis of the market and applications of nickel and Li-ion batteries as well as current state of domestic collection and recycling of spent cells.