Adoption of Electromobility in Urban Transport in Poland – Cost-Benefit Trade-Offs and Decision-Making Challenges

Abstract

Electromobility is increasingly recognized as a cornerstone of sustainable urban transport strategies. This paper presents an analysis of selected economic, environmental, and infrastructural implications of transitioning from internal combustion engine vehicles to electric vehicles (EVs) in urban settings. Through a cost-benefit analysis, the study compares the purchase and operating costs of EVs and conventional cars across mini, compact, and premium market segments, accounting for factors such as energy consumption, fuel and electricity prices, annual mileage, and carbon emissions. The development and expansion of charging infrastructure, along with the integration of smart grid solutions and energy storage capabilities, are examined in the context of meeting the growing demand from a rising fleet of EVs. Additionally, the paper analyzes changes in urban mobility behaviors, highlighting the shift toward shared mobility and ecomobility, and discusses how these trends can reshape urban transportation to improve quality of life and reduce environmental impacts. Drawing on current trends, national electromobility development plans in Poland, and international best practices, the study identifies challenges and enablers for policymakers and decision-makers in the transportation and energy sectors, highlighting the need for coordinated planning and policy support to ensure the long-term viability and sustainability of electromobility in urban environments.