Geomatics and Environmental Engineering
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ISSN 1898-1135
e-ISSN: 2300-7095
Issue Date
2019
Volume
Vol. 13
Number
No 1
Description
Journal Volume
Geomatics and Environmental Engineering
Vol. 13 (2019)
Projects
Pages
Articles
Application of advanced statistical procedures for adjustment of results in measurements of displacements
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2019) Czaja, Józef; Dąbrowski, Janusz
In this paper, the authors verified the formulated principles of the estimation of Gauss-Markov models in which estimated parameters X were random. For this purpose, methods for the prior definition of covariance matrix Cx for the estimated parameters were provided, which were used to determine the conditional covariance matrix of observation vector L and then estimate the most probable values of parameters Xˆ. Covariance matrix Cov(Xˆ) obtained as a result of this estimation was used to define the limit values of the variance of these parameters. Practical application of the proposed method for the Gauss-Markov model estimation for random parameters was illustrated on a fragment of a leveling network of points to determine the vertical displacements of a landslide surface.
Restrictions in development of rural areas resulting from defective structure of cadastral parcels
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2019) Delnicki, Maciej; Bielska, Anna; Turek, Agnieszka
Rural areas have been subjected to constant transformations for centuries. The current state of the settlement network and image of Polish space has resulted from a number of political and legal transformations along with economic and social processes. With the development of civilization, the factors determining the location of new residential building developments and the function of rural areas have changed. The importance of non-agricultural production functions and consumption functions has currently increased at a cost of a declining share of agricultural production. The objective of the study was to determine the degree to which the structure of cadastral parcels restricts the possibilities of development of different functions in rural areas. The research was conducted in the Nasielsk commune. Planning documents were analyzed to determine the directions of development of the commune. The structure of all of the commune's cadastral parcels was analyzed to determine their surface areas and shapes. The layout of selected agricultural farms was determined, with a consideration for the area of the farms, the number of parcels, their surface areas, and their shapes. According to the research, the defective structure of cadastral parcels largely restricts not only the development of agriculture but also the rational management of parcels allocated for building development. Moreover, it facilitates a natural forest succession, which is favorable from an environmental point of view but undoubtedly constitutes an obstacle in the use of arable land.
Effective mechanism for measuring forces in tension member
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2019) Filipkowski, Jan; Deska, Krzysztof
Tension structures are engineering constructions in which the primary role is played by tension members forming the whole structure or forming its basic elements, e.g., guys. Preserving the right values of the forces in tension members is particularly important for the safe operation of these objects. This paper describes the various direct and indirect methods for determining the forces in the tension members. The basic part of the work is a description of a device that allows us to determine the force of a tension member. The essence of the idea of measuring the force of the tension member using this device is to take over the force of the tension member and then measure it. This device consists among others, of two sets of rope clamps, two annular plates leaning against the clamps, and three steel bars which take over the force of the rope. Changing the length of the rods is recorded using a precision strain meter. In the paper, the realization of the measurement using the device is presented. By measuring the force of a strained tension member using this device, one does not achieve directly the values of the real force but its modified value (which is greater than the real one). The differences between the actual force and the modified one are caused by the length of the mechanism. The constructed device is shown in photographs (Figs. 13 and 14). The measurement of the forces in tension members using this device makes it possible to verify the results of the determination of forces using other methods, for example, using the shape of a tension member which is determined by surveying methods. It is particularly important for the tight, short, nearly vertically disposed guys having relatively large cross-sections.
Use of terrestrial laser scanning for measurements of wind power stations
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2019) Mitka, Bartosz; Gniadek, Jacek; Klapa, Przemysław
The continuous development of the technologies used in the construction of wind turbines makes them a promising and widely used source of energy. Wind turbines keep getting bigger, resulting in increases in their production capacity. However, both the wind turbines and their support structures are exposed to huge loads that cause the deformation of the rotor blades, vertical deflection, or vibration of the support structure and rotor blades. In this context, the issue of monitoring the technical condition of the structures of such facilities becomes important, particularly in terms of reliability and the service life of the whole system. This document shows a method of measuring a wind power station using the Leica P40 terrestrial laser scanner. The object of the research was a few-years-old wind turbine located in the village of Kluczewsko (near Włoszczowa). The examined wind turbine is 35 m high measured to the turbine base and has rotor blades that are almost 13 m long. The measurements were performed at two stages: during turbine operation and with the wind turbine at rest. This enabled us to determine the changes in the geometry of the object at dynamic loads during the operation of the plant. Each series of measurements was made from three stations evenly arranged around the entire facility, which allowed for a full recording of the wind turbine geometry as well as of its supporting structure. The measurements taken at rest and during operation of the turbine were recorded on the basis of the same points of reference, which allowed us to obtain data on the same coordinate system. The measurements were used to determine the deflection of the turbine support from the vertical axis at rest and the change of deflection under wind pressure during the turbine's operation. The vibration amplitude of the turbine's support during operation was also determined. In addition, an attempt was made to determine any changes in the geometry of the rotor blades under wind pressure. The obtained results are presented in a tabular and graphical manner.
Streamlining of obtaining and processing data from Ogimet service using python language script
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2019) Pietras-Szewczyk, Małgorzata; Szewczyk, Leszek
This paper contains a study of using Ogimet services as a source of meteorological data and the Python language script to streamline data processing. Meteorological data is important in large number of research projects in different disciplines of sciences and technology. In this case, it was used to analyze cloudiness, but it can also be used for energy, hydrology, and environment analyses. Attention has been paid to the total cloudiness variability in an area of the Lower Silesia region in Poland during the time period of 2001-2010 using the data from eight synoptic stations (the data was obtained from the Ogimet service). A very important part of the work constituted Ogimet services as a source of free and easily available meteorological data. The biggest advantage of Ogimet is that the process of obtaining data is very easy and helpful in reducing the time needed to collect the data necessary in the research process. The offered data is free and available via the Internet, but it is raw and general. For these reasons, a Python script language application was made for faster and easier data processing. The script applied in this project has been described in detail in the work. Finally, after processing the data, the daily averages of total cloudiness have been calculated based on the available data for eight meteorological stations. Next, the ten-year average for each day and month have been calculated. The results of the study were compared with works that took a longer data time period of total cloudiness into account.