Artykuły (CN-drill)

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repo.agh.edu.pl/handle/AGH/102818

Artykuły czasopisma AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas

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Access status: Open Access ,
25 years of Gazprom on the gas market
(2015) Kosowska, Katarzyna; Kosowski, Piotr
Gas sector was one of the best growing industries of the Soviet Union in the last two decades of its existence. This was made possible thanks to the discovery and exploitation of natural gas fields in Western Siberia, as well as the construction of transmission infrastructure - domestic and export pipelines. The history of the Russian gas industry is inextricably linked with the activity of Gazprom, the gas concern set up in 1989 in place of liquidated Ministry of Gas Industry. The article gives a summary of the 25-year history of Gazprom and its economic, social and political role. It discusses activities of the company on internal and external markets, issues of gas reserves, production and transmission, as well as the financial and political relationship with the authorities of the Russian Federation.
Access status: Open Access ,
A feasibility study of synthetic substances used for the sealing of old workings transformed into underground gas storages
(2014) Rybicki, Czesław; Chromik, Mariusz
In the now both in the world and in Poland grows the meaning of underground gas storages. Except storages located in depleted gas reservoirs salt caverns the attention deserve storages in mining-excavations. In this type gas storages it exists the problem of the seal of the rock massive. For that purpose comply different methods among other things the housing with the steel-cloak and the water curtain. Authors of the article propose the innovative method of sealing up of the rock massive at the use of plastics as composites. The article has a generał character because in practice this method was not applied. In opinion of authors this method seems to be interesting and effective.
Access status: Open Access ,
A new approach of mature gas fields rehabilitation from Transylvanian Basin (Romania)
(2013) Ştefănescu, Dan-Paul; Vlasín, Ioana
The mature gas fields rehabilitation represents a permanent concern of the Romgaz technical management, being considered one of the major priority of the development strategy of our company. The most part of our gas fields located in the geological unit of Transylvanian Basin are characterized by an advanced stage of exploitation, with a long production history and high cumulatives, having a current recovery factors of more than 60-70%. This status gives them the name »mature fields«, or »brownfields« concepts logically associated with another notion, called »rehabilitation«, also very frequently used in the world oil and gas industry. As the production decreasing became actually more obviously, due to the natural energetic decline of the reservoirs, the only viable solution to overcome this, consists in finding technical, commercial and operational best practices designed to develop incremental production and access additional reserves. This issue has preoccupied also the Romgaz technical team to implement and develop in the same time a new management strategy of this type of reservoirs, setting up a special department for designing the rehabilitation projects for our mature gas fields.
Access status: Open Access ,
A review of currently available LNG facilities and means of transport used for supplying terminals in natural gas with a projection of LNG prices in the USA
(2016) Metelska, Klaudia; Cieślik, Tomasz
LNG terminals allow for constant availability of fuel gas in insular countries (Japan) and in countries which do not have the option of transporting gas via inland pipelines due to their geopolitical location (South Korea). In many cases, possessing an LNG (liquefied natural gas) terminal increases energy independence, which translates first and foremost into avoiding energy blackmail (Lithuania). This paper presents currently existing LNG terminals together with an overview of the most widely used technologies for gas liquefaction, storage and long-distance transporting by LNG carriers. A comparison of natural gas liquefaction plants and LNG terminals with respect to their location, age and capacity is also given. In the final part of the paper we analyse LNG carriers in relation to age, capacity and shipowner. On the basis of data collected in the last 12 years, such as: price of LNG exported from USA, prices of imported and exported natural gas, consumption of gas, we have established the price of imported LNG using linear regression and power functions. In order to determine the price of LNG we have constructed mathematical models by means of the STATISTICA program. Our aim was to find the most accurate model. Three basic ex post methods have been used to compare regression models: ME (mean error), RMSE (root mean squared error), MAPE (mean absolute percentage error).
Access status: Open Access ,
A review of pile machines and their selection criteria
(2015) Gonet, Andrzej; Stryczek, Stanisław; Fyda, Michał
Many geoengineering investments can be realized thanks to the use of piles, which may play numerous functions. The piles were classified in the paper in view of assumed criteria and most frequent applications. These works can be performed with specialist pile equipment. In the description attention was paid to the most important technical parameters of pile machines produced by such companies as Bauer, Casagrande and Soilmec. The multi-criteria method with a synthetic measure of evaluation was used for selecting the most suitable pile machine. Among the assumed criteria were the pull up/down force, torque, maximum depth and diameter of the pile and the main winch. The analysis of the obtained weights and criteria revealed that the Bauer pile machine BG 50 had the highest CCS pull up/down and torque and was most appropriate for making long and large-diameter piles.
Access status: Open Access ,
A study of hydraulic characteristic for borehole heat exchangers
(2017) Śliwa, Tomasz; Jaszczur, Marek; Kruszewski, Michał; Sapińska-Śliwa, Aneta; Bieda, Anna; Kowalski, Tomasz Wojciech; Złotkowski, Albert
Thermal Response Test (TRT) is a standard test performed in borehole heat exchangers (BHE), which provides thorough understanding of thermal parameters of surrounding rock mass. Following work consists of calculations for hydraulic power and pressure losses along the BHE’s length. Analysis was carried out in eight BHE’s with different diameters, lengths and heat carriers in various areas throughout Poland. In accordance with TRT results, potential power exchanged between BHE and rock mass was determined. In order to find relations between pressure losses and volumetric flow rate, hydraulic tests in average static temperature of rock mass and during heating period were investigated. Proportions between hydraulic power and total power exchange with rock mass are also presented in following research.
Access status: Open Access ,
A tale of two shale units - petrophysical analysis and sequence stratigraphy of the Marcellus Shale and Utica Shale in the Appalachian Basin, USA
(2013) Carr, Timothy R.; McClain, Taylor; Wang, Guochang
Access status: Open Access ,
Accessing Earth’s heat using Geothermal Radial Drilling for borehole heat exchangers
(2017) Śliwa, Tomasz; Kucper, Marek
Sometimes there is not enough room for drilling vertical borehole heat exchangers. Hence, the idea of slant boreholes emerged. They can provide access to a rock mass, being an underground heat reservoir, located beneath infrastructure. To optimize the average value of thermal conductivity and use those layers in a given geological profile that possess best properties in the view of thermal efficiency, Geothermal Radial Drilling is used, being a very efficient technology. A GeoDrill 4R drill rig, specially designed for the Geothermal Radial Drilling technology, enables drilling at an angle between 30 and 65 degrees, which in turn, together with data on the geological profile, allows for designing the layout of exchangers so as to obtain longest possible section of a given exchanger within most energetic layers. The paper includes a description of a few investments which use Geothermal Radial Drilling for heating purposes. It also presents a comparative study between Geothermal Radial Drilling and conventional vertical borehole exchangers.
Access status: Open Access ,
Aktualne możliwości komputerowej symulacji szczelinowania hydraulicznego w złożach
(2012) Wojnarowski, Paweł; Stopa, Jerzy
Celem pracy jest analiza aktualnych tendencji światowych w modelowaniu komputerowym zabiegów szczelinowania hydraulicznego a także ocena możliwości technicznych i przydatności wybranych symulatorów szczelinowania do projektowania zabiegów w różnych warunkach geologicznych, w tym dla złóż niekonwencjonalnych. W ramach pracy dokonano oceny przydatności oprogramowania GOHFER oraz Meyer Fracturing (MFrac i MShale) do prac projektowych zabiegu szczelinowania hydraulicznego, optymalizacji parametrów technologicznych oraz prognozowania produkcji. W tym celu wykonano testowe obliczenia symulacyjne z wykorzystaniem tych narzędzi.
Access status: Open Access ,
ALOHA – modern tool for modeling the risks associated with the spread of volatile pollutants in extraction of hydrocarbons
(2016) Kulinič, Vitalij; Maruta, Michał
During the drilling works or exploitation of hydrocarbons working devices such as high-performance engines of drilling equipment and machines are often the main sources of gaseous and particulate pollutants emitted into the atmosphere. At the time of an emergency, eg. gas leakage or eruption in a short time in the atmosphere can get high concentrations of gases such as methane and hydrogen sulphide. The Ordinance of the Minister of the environment dated 29 January 2013 determines the basic criterion for risk of H2S assessment in mining companies extracting oil or natural gas, where is possibility – during the eruption of open holes or wells-flow on the surface of the liquid containing hydrogen sulphide, posing a hazard to workers, the mining plant traffic and people staying close to driving traffic mining plant. The paper presents the modelling of the spread gases in the atmosphere during the "normal" operation on drilling rigs and the gas leakage from the damaged pipeline. Was also made an attempt to mark safe points of the evacuation out in the moment of the emergency incident.
Access status: Open Access ,
An analysis of a temperature change in a cross-section of borehole heat exchanger
(2013) Złotkowski, Albert; Szczesiul, Patrycja
Underground heat exchangers (BHE) are used witch elements to transport energy between the ground and other objects on the surface of the land. For simplification described in mathematical apparatus, they works are explain how linear heat source. The temperature is the same in all bodies of this model. This reduction to let easy describe theoretical changes temperature in BHE through transporting energy to / from rock in analytic mathematic method. The bad effect of this method is present by the same value of temperature in horizontal cross-section and along BHE. The analysis of change of temperature field in the sealing cement BHE is a possibility for numerical simulation or laboratory model. Computer simulation needed according energy transport law. It to say about quantity of energy conducting between horizontal cross-section of BHE cells, on which is divided. The second method obtains value of temperature points of the sealing cement. This is to be realized by sensors set up in to the horizontal cross-section of BHE of laboratory model. This is possible thanks constructed the model of cross-section of BHE.
Access status: Open Access ,
An analysis of fluids after hydraulic fracturing in the aspect of their further use or neutralization
(2013) Jamrozik, Aleksandra; Gonet, Andrzej; Czekaj, Lucyna
Today’s ecological policy focuses on preventing anthropogenic environmental hazards. A large share of activities are oriented to the precise recognition of hazards and use of solutions thanks to which the negative environmental effects of mining activity can be considerably reduced. Issues related to the recovery of water after hydraulic fracturing with emphasis on the possible utilization and management of fluids after hydraulic fracturing in Polish conditions are discussed in view of the respective law.
Access status: Open Access ,
An analysis of the changes of the composition of natural gas transported in high-pressure gas pipelines
(2015) Janusz, Piotr; Liszka, Krystian; Łaciak, Mariusz; Olìjnik, Andrìj; Susak, Oleksandr Mihajlovič
Natural gas is one of the major fuels covering home demand for energy. Natural gas consumption has been observed to systematically increase over the last five years. Intensive works are conducted on the development of the national gas network leading to the diversification of directions and sources of blue gas. Natural gas consists of various components. Its composition depends on the source of origin and has a decisive influence on thermodynamic and hydraulic properties. The content of heavy hydrocarbon gases increases the calorific value of the gaseous fuel, whereas the high content of inorganic components lowers the amount of energy obtained in the course of natural gas combustion, and environmentally hazardous chemical compounds are formed. As far as gas transport is concerned, too high content of heavy hydrocarbon gases (propane, butane, pentane) is dis-advantageous. In high pressure conditions the C3-C5 class gases change to a liquid phase. This results in the change of the calorific value, lower hydraulic efficiency of the pipeline diameter and potentially faster corrosion processes on the inner surface of the pipeline. This paper is aimed at presenting results of changes of natural gas composition in a function of distance at which the fuel is transported. The respective analyses will be conducted with the use of analytical methods and commercial pipeline simulators.
Access status: Open Access ,
An analysis of the influence of fracturing technological parameters on fracture propagation using numerical modeling
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2017) Dudek, Jacek; Janiga, Damian; Wojnarowski, Paweł
Nowadays, hydraulic fracturing is one of the most common treatments for both conventional and unconventional fields, a stimulation technique designed to increase well production through the reduction of flow resistance caused by the drilling process or genuine reservoir properties. In this article the planar, three-dimensional numerical model of hydraulic fracturing treatment is presented. Based on the given model, the influence analysis of the basic technological parameters of the fracturing in a directional well on fracture propagation was conducted. The presented analysis shows the crucial role of numerical modeling in the process of hydraulic fracturing treatment design. The outcomes allowed us to identify the sensitivity of the obtained fracturing effects on the change of the treatment of technical parameters.
Access status: Open Access ,
An analysis of the work conditions in the Bóbrka-Rogi field over the 100 year history of its exploitation
(Wydawnictwa AGH, 2017) Wojnar, Albin; Rybicki, Czesław
The Bóbrka - Rogi oil reservoir belongs to oldest reservoirs in Poland. The handmade well named Franek was created by Ignacy Lukasiewicz in 1853. It is currently the object about the historic museum. The accumulation appears in the anticline structure of the Bóbrka fold. As result of study of geological data, this fold has four secondary structures forming separate longitudinal blocks. Moreover transverse dislocations cross the Bóbrka structure on the row of separate deposits. Oil appears in four levels of Ciężkowice sandstones and in layers of the "czarnorzecki" sandstone. The level of the first Ciężkowice sandstone contains oil on the east from the Wietrznianka fault, II level of the Ciężkowice sandstone is oil-bearing within the Wietrznianka fault on the west, up to the Rogi fault on the east., III level of the Ciężkowice sandstone is oil-bearing from the Rogi fault on the east to the Bóbrka fault and partly outside it on the west, IV level of the Ciężkowice sandstone contains oil-bearing horizontals to the west from this block to the fault of the TPS mine. The sandstone Czarnorzecki contains oil-bearing horizontal to the west from the fault of the Jasiołka river. The reservoir belongs to the stratified type in the anticline structure it is shielded lithologically and partly tectonically by dislocations or overthrusts. As it gets out of data of geologically of deposit since the discovery of the deposit one got out of him above 1 200 thousand t of oil and 190 million nm3 gas. The surface of the mining district carries out approx. 2.5 km$^{2}$ . Authors on the basis archival data made the analysis the previous exploitation this reservoir and the evaluation of perspectives of his continued existence with the regard of the possible revitalization of the wells.
Access status: Open Access ,
An application of a Raman scattering analyzer for the determination of natural gas composition at a processing plant
(2016) Włodek, Tomasz; Kuczyński, Szymon; Smulski, Rafał; Polański, Krzysztof
The development of conventional and unconventional natural gas reservoir management includes continuous monitoring of hydrocarbon exploitation processes and its impact on the reservoir and environment. Raman spectroscopy, which allows for the identification of reservoir fluids (including natural gas) components can be a very promising method for the application of providing a quick, non-invasive, nondestructive analysis.The proposed in this paper measurement methods are focused on the use of: – a laboratory cell (autoclave) with sapphire window mounted on a specially prepared bypass pipeline; – a dedicated Raman probe mounted to the available installed stub pipe; – the construction of a special measurement cell.The article presents the basic technical assumptions for measurements of the composition of natural gas with the use Raman spectroscopy.
Access status: Open Access ,
An application of organic nanosilica to cement slurries based on Portland cement
(2015) Jamrozik, Aleksandra; Stryczek, Stanisław; Wiśniowski, Rafał; Gonet, Andrzej; Wójcik, Rafał
More and more attention is paid nowadays to the quality and durability of the applied cement slurries. Apart from the appropriate rheological, technological and strength parameters, the slurry should be resistant to the strongly mineralized reservoir waters. Appropriate phase composition of cement slurries, especially high CSH content is responsible for the change of pore structure in the cement slurry; the number of fine gel pores which are not available for the fluid increases and the number of capillary pores responsible for the transport of corrosive factors inside the cement slurry decreases. The use of nanosilica as an additive improving the properties of cement slurries has recently gained popularity. Bearing in mind these properties of nSiO2, there were conducted laboratory experiments on the use of organic nanosilica for cement slurries based on Portland cement CEM I 52.5 R.
Access status: Open Access ,
An assessment of the influence of the main oil industry technological processes on the environment
(2015) Mandrik, Oleg Mikolajovič; Pukìš, Arsen Volodimirovič; Mihajlûk, Ûliâ Dmitrìvna
This article discusses the main dangerous ecological factors of influence of each individual technological process element of oil production on the environment, namely: preparation of the ground for well construction, oil production, transportation of well production, its storage in reservoirs, and storage of the oil industry wastes. There was developed a primary classification of the characteristic influences of the main oil industry technological processes onto the environment.
Access status: Open Access ,
An automated control system of oil and gas fields exploitation for the fountain extraction method
(2012) Akžalova, Assel Ž.; Alekseev, Mihail Vladimirovič; Bissekenova, J.; Myltykbekov, Maksat; Šabdirov, Almas; Džapparkulov, Bahyt Kasymkulovič; Zhunusov, Ch.
W pracy zaproponowano sprzętowe i software'owe komponenty samodostosowującego się zautomatyzowanego systemu sterowania i monitorowania informacji w przypadku zastosowania techniki fontannowej opartej na dostosowaniu zaworu na podstawie odczytów z czujników ciśnienia, prędkości przepływu, temperatury i innych parametrów. Istotą samodostosowującego się układu komputerowego jest wbudowana »inteligencja« w celu uzyskania bardziej proaktywnego podejścia do zarządzania takimi elementami, jak czujniki czy inteligentne urządzenia sterujące, które reagując przez zorganizowaną przez siebie bezprzewodową sieć mogą prowadzić do łatwiejszego przepływu danych, dokładniejszej analizy i predykcji oraz w konsekwencji podniesienia produkcji. Głównym składnikiem samo dostosowującego się układu jest opracowany inteligentny sterownik oparty na logice predykcyjnej, którego celem jest poprawa dostępu i działania zasobów produkcyjnych, szczególnie zaworów z regulacją automatyczną i półautomatyczną. Podejście to znacznie ułatwia monitorowanie złóż ropy naftowej i zwiększa wiarygodność całego systemu informatycznego.
Access status: Open Access ,
An evaluation of hydrocarbon deposit tightness in aspect of CO₂ sequestration
(2015) Blicharski, Jacek
Depleted hydrocarbon deposits due to large capacity and proven tightness are often considered as prime candidates for $CO_2$ sequestration in geological structures. The tightness of these structures is mainly connected with the exis-tence of water saturated overbunden rocks of very low permeability which form a natural barrier for the migration of hydrocarbons. This paper explains the sealing mechanisms of caprocks resulting from capillary forces at the interface of hydrocarbon – water and carbon dioxide – water contact. Other ways of caprock leakage due to rock fracturing or reactivation of natural faults and fi ssures were also investigated.